fig3

Figure 3. Interfacial kinetics and deposition morphology of ZP and ZP@CuC₂O₄ electrodes. (A) Tafel plots of ZP and ZP@CuC₂O₄; (B) Linear sweep voltammetry curves of ZP and ZP@CuC₂O₄ electrodes; (C) Overpotential comparison of ZP and ZP@CuC₂O₄ electrodes in Zn//Cu cells at 0.5 mA cm^-2; (D and E) DRT contour plots derived from in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of Zn//Zn symmetric cells using ZP and ZP@CuC₂O₄ electrodes, respectively; the vertical axis denotes the elapsed electrochemical testing time (s), and the color scale γ(τ) (Ω) represents the impedance contribution at each characteristic relaxation time; (F) SEM image of the ZP electrode after 100 cycles at 1 mA cm^-2 and (G-I) corresponding EDS maps; (J) SEM image of the ZP@CuC₂O₄ electrode after 100 cycles at 1 mA cm^-2 and (K-M) corresponding EDS maps. SEM: Scanning electron microscope; EDS: energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; HER: hydrogen evolution reaction; ZP: zinc powder; DRT: distribution of relaxation times.