fig7

Figure 7. Electrochemical performance evaluation in a three-electrode system: (A) Schematic of the test setup; (B) CV curves at 10 mV/s; (C) GCD profiles at 1 mA/cm²; (D) Nyquist plots for PANI/CFs and PANI/m-CFs; (E) Equivalent circuit model; (F) Fitted resistance values; (G) Areal specific capacitance as a function of current density; (H) Long-term cycling stability; (I) Comparison of areal capacitance with previously reported PANI-based electrodes. PANI: Polyaniline; m-CFs: modified cellulose fibers; CV: cyclic voltammetry; GCD: galvanostatic charge-discharge; CPE: constant phase element; R_ct: charge-transfer resistance; R_W: Warburg impedance; R_s: series resistance; TOCN: TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils; SCNT: sulfonated carbon nanotubes; NF: nickel foam.