fig7

Figure 7. Temperature feedback effects on electrochemical performance, aging, and safety of lithium-ion batteries. (A and B) Temperature-dependent electrochemical kinetics: (A) charge-transfer resistance and Arrhenius behavior associated with Li⁺ desolvation and interfacial transport; (B) interfacial resistance and SEI-related resistance during Li deposition; (A and B) are reprinted with permission from Ref.^[138], under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license. (C and D) Lithium plating risk under low-temperature fast charging: (C) dP/dQ-based lithium plating detection under low-temperature charging; (D) optical images of graphite anodes after charging with and without dynamic regulation; (C and D) are reprinted with permission from Ref.^[132], under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license. (E) Health-aware fast-charging framework based on lifelong lithium-plating-potential estimation using current, voltage, temperature, and SOH-related information; (E) is reprinted with permission from Ref.^[134], under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license. (F-H) Thermal-regulation-assisted extreme fast charging: (F) schematic of thermal protocols for extreme fast charging; (G) predicted negative-electrode potential under different heat-transfer conditions; (H) representative battery-temperature evolution during extreme fast charging; (F-H) are reprinted with permission from Ref.^[137], under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license. SEI: Solid electrolyte interphase; SOH: state of health.