fig3

Figure 3. CO₂ electroreduction performance of GDEs with different ionomers. (A) FE_CO, (B) FE_H2, (C) Cell voltage, and (D) j_CO of GDEs with D72, D79, D520, and D521 at various current densities; (E) FE_CO of GDEs with different ionomers (D72, D79, D520, D521) at 300 mA cm^-2. The bar labeled PTFE represents a control GDE prepared without ionomer, using only PTFE as the binder. (F) FE_CO of GDEs with D79 and D520 at 500 mA cm^-2. All ionomer-to-catalyst ratios were fixed at 20 wt% (I/C = 0.25). Error bars represent the standard deviation from three independent measurements.