fig1

Figure 1. Number of publications per year from the Web of Science for titles containing (A) Aqueous zinc-ion battery” and (B) “Aqueous zinc-ion battery, electrolyte”. (C) Schematic illustration of the solvation structure of Zn²⁺ ions. Typical examples of electrolytes for AZIBs: (D) ZnSO₄-based electrolyte (Reproduced with permission from^[58]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society); (E) water-in-salt electrolyte (Reproduced with permission from^[61]. Copyright 2022, Wiley-VCH GmbH); (F) deep eutectic solvent electrolyte (Reproduced with permission from^[62]. Copyright 2025, The Royal Society of Chemistry). Temperature-responsive electrolytes: (G) thermal self-protection (Reproduced with permission from^[64]. Copyright 2022, Wiley-VCH GmbH); (H) anti-freezing electrolyte (Reproduced with permission from^[65]. Copyright 2019, The Royal Society of Chemistry).