fig7

Figure 7. (A) Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and (B) ESW profiles of the molten-salt electrolyte, (C) in-situ DEMS curves during hybrid Na-CO₂ battery operation at 170 °C, and (D) schematic structure of a hybrid Na-CO₂ battery with molten-salt electrolyte; Electrochemical performance of hybrid Na-CO₂ battery with molten-salt electrolyte: (E) charge-discharge curves, (F) rate performance, and (G) cycling performance. (H) Schematic of a hybrid Na-CO₂ battery with a cathode. (A-H) Reprinted with permission from Ref.^[36]. Copyright © 2026 John Wiley & Sons. ESW: Electrochemical stability window; DEMS: differential electrochemical mass spectrometry; SP: super P.