fig3

Figure 3. (A) Temperature effects on proton conductivity of phosphoric acid membranes (left) and PEMFC power density (right). Reprinted with permission from^[33]. (B) Chemical degradation of PEM. Model (left) and framework (right). Reprinted with permission from^[41]. (C) Doubly hydrated Nafion membrane model. The chemical formula (left) and detailed view of the ether linkage (right). Reprinted with permission from^[42].