fig5

Figure 5. Hydrogen embrittlement prevention strategies. (A) Schematic representation of configurations designed to prevent hydrogen embrittlement through the selection of appropriate materials. (B) Conceptual diagram depicting the propagation of a hydrogen-induced crack traversing a specifically designed, solute-rich buffer region; the solute concentration profile and associated crack resistance are illustrated schematically on the right. (C) High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) reveals Mn-rich zones in austenite clusters/grains. Reproduced with permission^[118], Copyright 2021, The Author(s). (D) Application of a surface treatment. (E) Hydrogen permeation through disordered nanostructured tungsten films. Reproduced with permission^[129], Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V. (F) Cross-sectional bright-field TEM image of Al₄₅Ti₃₈W₁₇ thin film revealing non-columnar growth from 100C6 steel substrate with robust interfacial adhesion. Reproduced with permission^[130], Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V. (G) Selection of an appropriate design by avoiding sharp variations. (H) The distribution of residual stress after multi-impact SP treatment. (I) TEM image of SP (0.50 MPa) specimen surface layer showing dense dislocation networks at martensite boundaries, with lath structure elimination, confirming SP-induced dislocation density enhancement. Reproduced with permission^[149], Copyright 2016 Elsevier Ltd.