fig8

Figure 8. (A) Morphology evolution of NiO and R-PBMN fuel electrodes under steam methane reforming conditions (S/C = 1:2) at various exposure times. Raman spectra of (B) NiO and (C) R-PBMN fuel electrodes after S/C = 1:2 treatment for increasing durations. (D) Schematic diagram of steam methane reforming with R-PBMN as fuel electrode.