fig8

Figure 8. Multi-element photocatalysts for increasing photocatalytic hydrogen production. (A) Creation of as-cut surfaces for (101), (112), (011), and (002) facets of MOFs. Color representation: Cu, purple; Hf, cyan; N, orange; O, red; C, gray; (B) Water contact angles on the MOFs; (C) AQY efficiency of the MOFs. These three figures are quoted with permission from Lei et al. Copyright (2025) Wiley-VCH GmbH^[43]; (D) Structure of fully conjugated 3D BUCT-COF-20; (E) Periodic on/off photocurrent output of BUCT-COF-20-23 cast on FTO glass (λ > 400 nm). These two figures are quoted with permission from Wang et al. Copyright (2024) Wiley-VCH GmbH^[36]; (F) Mixing of elements at the atomic scale in high-entropy oxide TiZrHfNbTaO₁₁. This figure is quoted with permission from Edalati et al. Copyright (2020) The Royal Society of Chemistry^[92]. MOFs: Metal-organic frameworks; AQY: apparent quantum yield; FTO: fluorine-doped tin oxide.