fig5

Figure 5. Single atom-enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production. (A) High-resolution HAADF-STEM image of PtSA/Cs₂SnI₆; (B) Atomic structure of PtSA/Cs₂SnI₆ and the additional electron distribution (yellow region); (C) Superior photocatalytic activity of PtSA/Cs₂SnI₆ catalyst. These three figures are quoted with permission from Zhou et al. Copyright (2025) Springer Nature^[46]; (D) Mechanistic study for hydrogen evolution of Pt1/def-TiO₂; (E) The photocatalytic H₂ production activities of Pt1/def-TiO₂ and references (inset is a schematic diagram). These two figures are quoted with permission from Chen et al. Copyright (2019) Wiley-VCH GmbH^[71]; (F) Hydrogen-bonding microenvironment in close proximity to single-atom sites for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production; (G) EXAFS fitting curve of Ru1/UiO-67-o-(NH₂)₂ (inset: the proposed coordination structure of the single Ru atom anchored on the Zr-oxo cluster); (H) Photocatalytic hydrogen production rates of Ru1/UiO-67-X and UiO-67-X for 1 h. These three figures are quoted with permission from Hu et al. Copyright (2024) American Chemical Society^[72]. HAADF-STEM: High-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy; EXAFS: extended X-ray absorption fine structure.