fig10

Figure 10. Practical and large-scale application. (A) Photograph of the reaction cell (left) and the photocatalytic platform (right) using LEDs at 470 nm for ammonia decomposition. The reaction cell consisted of two concentric tubes of different diameters, with the catalyst (~0.5 cm bed thickness) filled in between them; (B) Long-term photocatalytic ammonia decomposition on the Cu-Fe-AR under illumination power 137 W (light on at time = 0). These two figures are quoted with permission from Yuan et al. Copyright (2022) American Association for the Advancement of Science^[102]; (C) The 100 m² water splitting photocatalytic system consisting of 1,600 panel reactor units and a hut housing a gas separation facility (indicated by the yellow box). Left inset: a photographic image of a panel reactor unit (625 cm²). Right inset: the structure of the panel reactor unit viewed from the side. This figure is quoted with permission from Nishiyama et al. Copyright (2020) Springer Nature^[104]. LED: Light-emitting diode.