fig3

Figure 3. Electrochemical properties of TNO and N-C@TNO electrodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs): (A) Comparison of CV curves at a scan rate of 1.0 mV s^-1; (B) Voltage gap (|ΔEp|) between the redox peaks at different scan rates; (C) Galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles at 5 C; (D) High-rate capability; (E) Comparison of the rate capability of TNO-based electrodes in the literature; (F) UV-vis absorption spectra; (G) Cycling performance at 20 C. TNO: TiNb₂O₇, titanium niobium oxide; N-C: N-doped carbon; CV: cyclic voltammetry; UV-vis: ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy.