fig2

Figure 2. Contrasting key controls for top- and deep-soils carbon cycling. Illustrations created de novo based on information from refs^{[76,78,79,112-114]}. (A) Vertical transport; (B) Contrasting adaptation dynamics across soil depth; Summary of microbial characteristics for topsoils vs. subsoils in (C) is expanded with associated refs found in Supplementary Table 1. Adaptation dynamics information from liquid cultures^[78,79]; adaptation rates and patterns in soils would vary temporally and spatially. HGT: Horizontal gene transfer.