fig7

Figure 7. Decomposition of the three-channel parallel mediation effects. Estimates are based on N = 390 province-year observations from 30 provinces over 2012-2024, with indirect-effect significance tested using B = 1,000 bootstrap resamples. ***P < 0.01, **P < 0.05, *P < 0.10; n.s.: Not statistically significant.