fig2

Figure 2. Spatial characteristics of IER. The base map is sourced from the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China (http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/), approved under No. GS(2019)1822. It is used solely for academic research purposes, and the figure was generated using ArcGIS. Figure 2A displays industrial enterprises moving in. Figure 2B shows industrial enterprises moving out. Figure 2C represents net relocation (industrial enterprises moving in minus industrial enterprises moving out). IER: Industrial enterprise relocation.