REFERENCES
1. Water scarcity. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/wash/water-scarcity [Last accessed on 27 Aug 2025].
2. Tashtoush, B.; Alyahya, W.; Al, Ghadi. M.; Al-Omari, J.; Morosuk, T. Renewable energy integration in water desalination: State-of-the-art review and comparative analysis. Appl. Energy. 2023, 352, 121950.
3. Boretti, A.; Rosa, L. Reassessing the projections of the world water development report. NPJ. Clean. Water. 2019, 2, 39.
4. Ghimire, U.; Sarpong, G.; Gude, V. G. Transitioning wastewater treatment plants toward circular economy and energy sustainability. ACS. Omega. 2021, 6, 11794-803.
5. Mir, N.; Bicer, Y. Thermodynamic modeling of a combined photo-electrodialysis-chloralkali system for sustainable desalination. Desalination 2021, 499, 114822.
6. Khan, M. I.; Zheng, C.; Mondal, A. N.; et al. Preparation of anion exchange membranes from BPPO and dimethylethanolamine for electrodialysis. Desalination 2017, 402, 10-8.
7. Patel, S. K.; Lee, B.; Westerhoff, P.; Elimelech, M. The potential of electrodialysis as a cost-effective alternative to reverse osmosis for brackish water desalination. Water. Res. 2024, 250, 121009.
8. Mir, N.; Bicer, Y. Integration of electrodialysis with renewable energy sources for sustainable freshwater production: a review. J. Environ. Manag. 2021, 289, 112496.
9. Gonzalez, A.; Grágeda, M.; Ushak, S. Assessment of pilot-scale water purification module with electrodialysis technology and solar energy. Appl. Energy. 2017, 206, 1643-52.
10. Campione, A.; Cipollina, A.; Calise, F.; Tamburini, A.; Galluzzo, M.; Micale, G. Coupling electrodialysis desalination with photovoltaic and wind energy systems for energy storage: dynamic simulations and control strategy. Energy. Convers. Manag. 2020, 216, 112940.
11. He, W.; Wright, N. C.; Amrose, S.; Buonassisi, T.; Peters, I. M.; Winter, A. G. Preliminary field test results from a photovoltaic electrodialysis brackish water desalination system in rural India; 2018.
12. Rheinländer, J.; Geyer, D. Photovoltaic reverse osmosis and electrodialysis. Green. Energy. Technol. 2009, 189-211.
13. Malek, P.; Ortiz, J.; Schulte-Herbrüggen, H. Decentralized desalination of brackish water using an electrodialysis system directly powered by wind energy. Desalination 2016, 377, 54-64.
14. Veza, J. M.; Peñate, B.; Castellano, F. Electrodialysis desalination designed for wind energy (on-grid tests). Desalination 2001, 141, 53-61.
15. Liang, M.; Karthick, R.; Wei, Q.; et al. The progress and prospect of the solar-driven photoelectrochemical desalination. Renew. Sustain. Energy. Rev. 2022, 155, 111864.
16. Bensaadi, S.; Nasrallah, N.; Amrane, A.; et al. Dialysis and photo-electrodialysis processes using new synthesized polymeric membranes for the selective removal of bivalent cations. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2017, 5, 1037-47.
18. Hamane, D.; Arous, O.; Kaouah, F.; Trari, M.; Kerdjoudj, H.; Bendjama, Z. Adsorption/photo-electrodialysis combination system for Pb2+ removal using bentonite/membrane/semiconductor. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2015, 3, 60-9.
19. Cherif, A. Y.; Arous, O.; Amara, M.; Omeiri, S.; Kerdjoudj, H.; Trari, M. Synthesis of modified polymer inclusion membranes for photo-electrodeposition of cadmium using polarized electrodes. J. Hazard. Mater. 2012, 227-8, 386-93.
20. Khiter, A.; Arous, O.; Nasrallah, N.; et al. Removal of lead by membrane photo-electrolysis. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2025, 378, 134565.
21. Chaurasiya, A.; Budania, Y.; Shah, G.; Mishra, A.; Singh, S. Carbon-based electrodes for photo-bio-electrocatalytic microbial fuel and electrolysis cells: advances and perspectives. Mater. Horiz. 2025. Online ahead of print.
22. Mir, N.; Yuzer, B.; Bicer, Y. Photo-electrodialysis for brackish water desalination: a life cycle sustainability assessment from experimental insights. Energy. Technol. 2025, 2402079.
23. Elsaid, K.; Kamil, M.; Sayed, E. T.; Abdelkareem, M. A.; Wilberforce, T.; Olabi, A. Environmental impact of desalination technologies: a review. Sci. Total. Environ. 2020, 748, 141528.
24. Finnveden, G.; Hauschild, M. Z.; Ekvall, T.; et al. Recent developments in life cycle assessment. J. Environ. Manag. 2009, 91, 1-21.
25. Xu, J.; Wang, M.; Xu, G.; Sokolova, E.; Vail, T.; Song, D. A critical review of ISO standards for seawater desalination: classification, applications, and future development. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2025, 367, 132898.
26. Biswas, W. K.; Yek, P. Improving the carbon footprint of water treatment with renewable energy: a Western Australian case study. Renewables 2016, 3, 36.
27. Mueller, K. E.; Thomas, J. T.; Johnson, J. X.; Decarolis, J. F.; Call, D. F. Life cycle assessment of salinity gradient energy recovery using reverse electrodialysis. J. Ind. Ecol. 2021, 25, 1194-206.
28. Rasmi, K.; Vanithakumari, S.; George, R. P.; Kamachi, Mudali. U. Performance evaluation of platinum nanoparticle-coated titanium electrodes. Mater. Perform. 2017, 56, 48-52.
29. ISO 14040:2006. Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework. Available from: https://www.iso.org/standard/37456.html [Last accessed on 27 Aug 2025].
30. Mueller, K. E.; Thomas, J. T.; Johnson, J. X.; DeCarolis, J. F.; Call, D. F. Life cycle assessment of salinity gradient energy recovery using reverse electrodialysis. J. Ind. Ecol. 2021, 25, 1194-1206.
31. Veerman, J.; Saakes, M.; Metz, S. J.; Harmsen, G. J. Reverse electrodialysis: evaluation of suitable electrode systems. J. Appl. Electrochem. 2010, 40, 1461-74.
32. Mudali U, Raju V, Dayal R. Preparation and characterisation of platinum and platinum–iridium coated titanium electrodes. J. Nucl. Mater. 2000, 277, 49-56.
33. Zeynali, M. E.; Abedini, H.; Sadri, H. R. Effect of operating conditions on divinylbenzene production in diethyl benzene dehydrogenation reactor. Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. 2018, 15. Available from: https://www.ijche.com/article_80773.html [Last accessed on 1 Sep 2025].
34. Camps, M.; Chatzopoulos, M.; Monthéard, J. Chloromethylstyrene: synthesis, polymerization, transformations, applications. J. Macromol. Sci. Part. C. 1982, 22, 343-407.
35. Chloroplatinic Acid Formula: Structure, Preparations and Properties. Available from: https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry-formulas/chloroplatinic-acid-formula/ [Last accessed on 27 Aug 2025].
36. Zhou, J.; Chang, V. W. C.; Fane, A. G. Environmental life cycle assessment of brackish water reverse osmosis desalination for different electricity production models. Energy. Environ. Sci. 2011, 4, 2267-78.