REFERENCES
1. Majeed U, Manochakian R, Zhao Y, Lou Y. Targeted therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: current advances and future trends. J Hematol Oncol. 2021;14:108.
2. Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74:229-63.
3. Johnson DH, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny WF, et al. Randomized phase II trial comparing bevacizumab plus carboplatin and paclitaxel with carboplatin and paclitaxel alone in previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2023;41:2305-12.
4. Huang Y, Wang X, Hu R, Pan G, Lin X. SOX2 regulates paclitaxel resistance of A549 non‑small cell lung cancer cells via promoting transcription of ClC‑3. Oncol Rep. 2022;48:181.
5. Clarke MF, Dick JE, Dirks PB, et al. Cancer stem cells - perspectives on current status and future directions: AACR Workshop on cancer stem cells. Cancer Res. 2006;66:9339-44.
7. Zhang Y, Xu W, Guo H, et al. NOTCH1 signaling regulates self-renewal and platinum chemoresistance of cancer stem-like cells in human non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res. 2017;77:3082-91.
8. MacDonagh L, Gray SG, Breen E, et al. Lung cancer stem cells: the root of resistance. Cancer Lett. 2016;372:147-56.
9. Wang H, Zhang G, Zhang H, et al. Acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype and cancer stem cell-like properties in cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells through AKT/β-catenin/Snail signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol. 2014;723:156-66.
10. Fang Y, Zhang C, Wu T, Wang Q, Liu J, Dai P. Transcriptome sequencing reveals key pathways and genes associated with cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0170609.
11. Milone MR, Lombardi R, Roca MS, et al. Novel pathways involved in cisplatin resistance identified by a proteomics approach in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234:9077-92.
12. Yin J, Jin X, Hu Z, et al. The stem cell atlas of lung adenocarcinoma: a stemness blueprint for prognosis and immunotherapy success. Transl Oncol. 2026;64:102639.
13. Pan Z, Zhang M, Zhang F, et al. Single-cell transcriptomics unveils the dedifferentiation mechanism of lung adenocarcinoma stem cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;24:482.
14. Bai L, Wang T, Zhao G, Kovach A, Li H. The atomic structure of a eukaryotic oligosaccharyltransferase complex. Nature. 2018;555:328-33.
15. Chen S, Pei CX, Xu S, et al. Rft1 catalyzes lipid-linked oligosaccharide translocation across the ER membrane. Nat Commun. 2024;15:5157.
16. Napiórkowska M, Boilevin J, Sovdat T, et al. Molecular basis of lipid-linked oligosaccharide recognition and processing by bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2017;24:1100-6.
17. Wang J, Zhang HM, Zhu GH, et al. STT3-mediated aberrant N-glycosylation of CD24 inhibits paclitaxel sensitivity in triple-negative breast cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2025;46:1097-110.
18. Wei Y, Wei A, Li Y, et al. Deciphering the cell surface glyco-code: a promising perspective on unveiling the vulnerability of cancer stem cells. Cancer Biol Med. 2024;21:963-9.
19. Zeng W, Zheng S, Mao Y, et al. Elevated N-glycosylation contributes to the cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells revealed by membrane proteomic and glycoproteomic analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:805499.
20. Ou L, He X, Liu N, et al. Sialylation of FGFR1 by ST6Gal‑I overexpression contributes to ovarian cancer cell migration and chemoresistance. Mol Med Rep. 2020;21:1449-60.
21. Chakraborty A, Dorsett KA, Trummell HQ, et al. ST6Gal-I sialyltransferase promotes chemoresistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by abrogating gemcitabine-mediated DNA damage. J Biol Chem. 2018;293:984-94.
22. Cui H, Yang S, Jiang Y, et al. The glycosyltransferase ST6Gal-I is enriched in cancer stem-like cells in colorectal carcinoma and contributes to their chemo-resistance. Clin Transl Oncol. 2018;20:1175-84.
23. Zhao Y, Li Y, He J, et al. Nanointegrative glycoengineering-activated necroptosis of triple negative breast cancer stem cells enables self-amplifiable immunotherapy for systemic tumor rejection. Adv Healthc Mater. 2024;13:e2303337.
24. Yang JY, Madrakhimov SB, Ahn DH, et al. mTORC1 and mTORC2 are differentially engaged in the development of laser-induced CNV. Cell Commun Signal. 2019;17:64.
25. Kong D, Banerjee S, Huang W, et al. Mammalian target of rapamycin repression by 3,3'-diindolylmethane inhibits invasion and angiogenesis in platelet-derived growth factor-D-overexpressing PC3 cells. Cancer Res. 2008;68:1927-34.
26. Gillette MA, Satpathy S, Cao S, et al.; Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium. Proteogenomic characterization reveals therapeutic vulnerabilities in lung adenocarcinoma. Cell. 2020;182:200-25.e35.
27. Nusinow DP, Szpyt J, Ghandi M, et al. Quantitative proteomics of the cancer cell line encyclopedia. Cell. 2020;180:387-402.e16.
28. Zhu D, Wan X, Huang H, et al. Knockdown of Bmi1 inhibits the stemness properties and tumorigenicity of human bladder cancer stem cell-like side population cells. Oncol Rep. 2014;31:727-36.
29. Hong L, Hong S, Zhang X. Expression and functional analysis of core stemness factors OSKM (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC) in Pan-cancer. Medicine. 2023;102:e36433.
30. Tong X, Chen Y, Zhu X, et al. Nanog maintains stemness of Lkb1-deficient lung adenocarcinoma and prevents gastric differentiation. EMBO Mol Med. 2021;13:e12627.
31. Pérez AG, Andrade-Da-Costa J, De Souza WF, et al. N‑glycosylation and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling affect claudin‑3 levels in colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Rep. 2020;44:1649-61.
32. Greco B, Malacarne V, De Girardi F, et al. Disrupting N-glycan expression on tumor cells boosts chimeric antigen receptor T cell efficacy against solid malignancies. Sci Transl Med. 2022;14:eabg3072.
33. Azimzadeh Irani M, Kannan S, Verma C. Role of N-glycosylation in EGFR ectodomain ligand binding. Proteins. 2017;85:1529-49.
34. Schultz MJ, Holdbrooks AT, Chakraborty A, et al. The tumor-associated glycosyltransferase ST6Gal-I regulates stem cell transcription factors and confers a cancer stem cell phenotype. Cancer Res. 2016;76:3978-88.
35. Yuan Q, Chen X, Han Y, et al. Modification of α2,6-sialylation mediates the invasiveness and tumorigenicity of non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo via Notch1/Hes1/MMPs pathway. Int J Cancer. 2018;143:2319-30.
36. Yan Y, Liu F, Han L, et al. HIF-2α promotes conversion to a stem cell phenotype and induces chemoresistance in breast cancer cells by activating Wnt and Notch pathways. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2018;37:256.
37. Wei Y, Chen Q, Huang S, et al. The interaction between DNMT1 and high-mannose CD133 maintains the slow-cycling state and tumorigenic potential of glioma stem cell. Adv Sci. 2022;9:e2202216.
38. Zhang S, Yang R, Ouyang Y, Shen Y, Hu L, Xu C. Cancer stem cells: a target for overcoming therapeutic resistance and relapse. Cancer Biol Med. 2024;20:985-1020.
39. He M, Zhou X, Wang X. Glycosylation: mechanisms, biological functions and clinical implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024;9:194.
40. Chen SY, He PL, Lu LY, et al. ST6GAL1-mediated sialylation of PECAM-1 promotes a transcellular diapedesis-like process that directs lung tropism of metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2025;85:1199-218.
41. Ankenbauer KE, Rao TC, Mattheyses AL, Bellis SL. Sialylation of EGFR by ST6GAL1 induces receptor activation and modulates trafficking dynamics. J Biol Chem. 2023;299:105217.
42. Duarte HO, Reis CA, Gomes J. Insights on ErbB glycosylation - contributions to precision oncology. Trends Cancer. 2022;8:448-55.
43. Lopez Sambrooks C, Baro M, Quijano A, et al. Oligosaccharyltransferase inhibition overcomes therapeutic resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cancer Res. 2018;78:5094-106.
44. Zhang Y, Qiu F, Ye T, et al. Epiregulin increases stemness-associated genes expression and promotes chemoresistance of non-small cell lung cancer via ERK signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022;13:197.
45. Yan L, Liu Y, Huang Y, et al. Erianin inhibits the proliferation of lung cancer cells by suppressing mTOR activation and disrupting pyrimidine metabolism. Cancer Biol Med. 2025;22:144-65.
46. Varadharaj V, Petersen W, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Sugar symphony: glycosylation in cancer metabolism and stemness. Trends Cell Biol. 2025;35:412-25.
47. Čaval T, Alisson-Silva F, Schwarz F. Roles of glycosylation at the cancer cell surface: opportunities for large scale glycoproteomics. Theranostics. 2023;13:2605-15.
48. Peng M, Wang W, Xiao D, et al. A novel biguanide-derivative promotes NEDD4-mediated FGFR1 ubiquitination through BMI1 to overcome osimertinib resistance in NSCLC. Cancer Biol Med. 2025;22:1381-404.
49. Bi Y, Wei S, Zhang Z, et al. VDAC1 protein derived from extracellular vesicles promotes paclitaxel resistance in gastric cancer through autophagy and mitophagy. Cancer Biol Med. 2026;23:252-75.
