REFERENCES
1. György B, Szabó TG, Pásztói M, et al. Membrane vesicles, current state-of-the-art: emerging role of extracellular vesicles. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011;68:2667-88.
2. Gurung S, Perocheau D, Touramanidou L, Baruteau J. The exosome journey: from biogenesis to uptake and intracellular signalling. Cell Commun Signal 2021;19:47.
3. Skog J, Würdinger T, van Rijn S, et al. Glioblastoma microvesicles transport RNA and proteins that promote tumour growth and provide diagnostic biomarkers. Nat Cell Biol 2008;10:1470-6.
4. Peinado H, Alečković M, Lavotshkin S, et al. Melanoma exosomes educate bone marrow progenitor cells toward a pro-metastatic phenotype through MET. Nat Med 2012;18:883-91.
5. Ratajczak J, Miekus K, Kucia M, et al. Embryonic stem cell-derived microvesicles reprogram hematopoietic progenitors: evidence for horizontal transfer of mRNA and protein delivery. Leukemia 2006;20:847-56.
6. Minciacchi VR, Freeman MR, Di Vizio D. Extracellular vesicles in cancer: exosomes, microvesicles and the emerging role of large oncosomes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015;40:41-51.
7. Chen WX, Liu XM, Lv MM, et al. Exosomes from drug-resistant breast cancer cells transmit chemoresistance by a horizontal transfer of microRNAs. PLoS One 2014;9:e95240.
8. Yang Q, Xu J, Gu J, et al. Extracellular vesicles in cancer drug resistance: roles, mechanisms, and implications. Adv Sci 2022;9:e2201609.
9. Wang D, Zhao C, Xu F, et al. Cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cells induced by hypoxia transmit resistance to sensitive cells through exosomal PKM2. Theranostics 2021;11:2860-75.
10. Marar C, Starich B, Wirtz D. Extracellular vesicles in immunomodulation and tumor progression. Nat Immunol 2021;22:560-70.
11. Gould SJ, Raposo G. As we wait: coping with an imperfect nomenclature for extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2013;2:20389.
12. Hessvik NP, Llorente A. Current knowledge on exosome biogenesis and release. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018;75:193-208.
13. Théry C, Witwer KW, Aikawa E, et al. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines. J Extracell Vesicles 2018;7:1535750.
14. Bayraktar R, Van Roosbroeck K, Calin GA. Cell-to-cell communication: microRNAs as hormones. Mol Oncol 2017;11:1673-86.
15. Battistelli M, Falcieri E. Apoptotic bodies: particular extracellular vesicles involved in intercellular communication. Biology 2020;9:21.
16. Pavlyukov MS, Yu H, Bastola S, et al. Apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote malignancy of glioblastoma via intercellular transfer of splicing factors. Cancer Cell 2018;34:119-35.e10.
17. Poon IKH, Parkes MAF, Jiang L, et al. Moving beyond size and phosphatidylserine exposure: evidence for a diversity of apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles in vitro. J Extracell Vesicles 2019;8:1608786.
18. Dieudé M, Bell C, Turgeon J, et al. The 20S proteasome core, active within apoptotic exosome-like vesicles, induces autoantibody production and accelerates rejection. Sci Transl Med 2015;7:318ra200.
19. Escola JM, Kleijmeer MJ, Stoorvogel W, Griffith JM, Yoshie O, Geuze HJ. Selective enrichment of tetraspan proteins on the internal vesicles of multivesicular endosomes and on exosomes secreted by human B-lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 1998;273:20121-7.
20. Tkach M, Kowal J, Théry C. Why the need and how to approach the functional diversity of extracellular vesicles. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018;373:20160479.
21. Andreu Z, Yáñez-Mó M. Tetraspanins in extracellular vesicle formation and function. Front Immunol 2014;5:442.
22. Yanatori I, Richardson DR, Dhekne HS, Toyokuni S, Kishi F. CD63 is regulated by iron via the IRE-IRP system and is important for ferritin secretion by extracellular vesicles. Blood 2021;138:1490-503.
23. Yoshioka Y, Konishi Y, Kosaka N, Katsuda T, Kato T, Ochiya T. Comparative marker analysis of extracellular vesicles in different human cancer types. J Extracell Vesicles 2013;2:20424.
24. Keerthikumar S, Chisanga D, Ariyaratne D, et al. ExoCarta: a web-based compendium of exosomal cargo. J Mol Biol 2016;428:688-92.
25. Pathan M, Fonseka P, Chitti SV, et al. Vesiclepedia 2019: a compendium of RNA, proteins, lipids and metabolites in extracellular vesicles. Nucleic Acids Res 2019;47:D516-9.
26. Skotland T, Sandvig K, Llorente A. Lipids in exosomes: current knowledge and the way forward. Prog Lipid Res 2017;66:30-41.
28. Donoso-Quezada J, Ayala-Mar S, González-Valdez J. The role of lipids in exosome biology and intercellular communication: Function, analytics and applications. Traffic 2021;22:204-20.
29. Dixson AC, Dawson TR, Di Vizio D, Weaver AM. Context-specific regulation of extracellular vesicle biogenesis and cargo selection. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023;24:454-76.
30. van Niel G, D’Angelo G, Raposo G. Shedding light on the cell biology of extracellular vesicles. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2018;19:213-28.
31. Del Conde I, Shrimpton CN, Thiagarajan P, López JA. Tissue-factor-bearing microvesicles arise from lipid rafts and fuse with activated platelets to initiate coagulation. Blood 2005;106:1604-11.
32. Wilson KF, Erickson JW, Antonyak MA, Cerione RA. Rho GTPases and their roles in cancer metabolism. Trends Mol Med 2013;19:74-82.
33. Milman N, Ginini L, Gil Z. Exosomes and their role in tumorigenesis and anticancer drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2019;45:1-12.
34. Colombo M, Raposo G, Théry C. Biogenesis, secretion, and intercellular interactions of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2014;30:255-89.
35. Zhang X, Yuan X, Shi H, Wu L, Qian H, Xu W. Exosomes in cancer: small particle, big player. J Hematol Oncol 2015;8:83.
36. Mulcahy LA, Pink RC, Carter DRF. Routes and mechanisms of extracellular vesicle uptake. J Extracell Vesicles 2014;3:24641.
37. Antebi YE, Nandagopal N, Elowitz MB. An operational view of intercellular signaling pathways. Curr Opin Syst Biol 2017;1:16-24.
38. Fu W, Lei C, Liu S, et al. CAR exosomes derived from effector CAR-T cells have potent antitumour effects and low toxicity. Nat Commun 2019;10:4355.
39. Al-Nedawi K, Meehan B, Micallef J, et al. Intercellular transfer of the oncogenic receptor EGFRvIII by microvesicles derived from tumour cells. Nat Cell Biol 2008;10:619-24.
40. Li F, Zhao X, Sun R, et al. EGFR-rich extracellular vesicles derived from highly metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells accelerate tumour metastasis through PI3K/AKT pathway-suppressed ROS. J Extracell Vesicles 2020;10:e12003.
41. Le MTN, Hamar P, Guo C, et al. miR-200-containing extracellular vesicles promote breast cancer cell metastasis. J Clin Invest 2014;124:5109-28.
42. Melo SA, Sugimoto H, O’Connell JT, et al. Cancer exosomes perform cell-independent microRNA biogenesis and promote tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 2014;26:707-21.
43. Qin X, Yu S, Zhou L, et al. Cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cell-derived exosomes increase cisplatin resistance of recipient cells in exosomal miR-100-5p-dependent manner. Int J Nanomedicine 2017;12:3721-33.
44. Mikamori M, Yamada D, Eguchi H, et al. MicroRNA-155 controls exosome synthesis and promotes gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2017;7:42339.
45. Wei F, Ma C, Zhou T, et al. Exosomes derived from gemcitabine-resistant cells transfer malignant phenotypic traits via delivery of miRNA-222-3p. Mol Cancer 2017;16:132.
46. Zhang H, Xie Y, Li W, Chibbar R, Xiong S, Xiang J. CD4+ T cell-released exosomes inhibit CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses and antitumor immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2011;8:23-30.
47. Ying W, Riopel M, Bandyopadhyay G, et al. Adipose tissue macrophage-derived exosomal miRNAs can modulate in vivo and in vitro insulin sensitivity. Cell 2017;171:372-84.e12.
48. Chen JJ, Zhao B, Zhao J, Li S. Potential roles of exosomal microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic application in Alzheimer’s disease. Neural Plast 2017;2017:7027380.
49. Morel L, Regan M, Higashimori H, et al. Neuronal exosomal miRNA-dependent translational regulation of astroglial glutamate transporter GLT1. J Biol Chem 2013;288:7105-16.
50. Poe AJ, Knowlton AA. Exosomes as agents of change in the cardiovascular system. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017;111:40-50.
51. Leroyer AS, Isobe H, Lesèche G, et al. Cellular origins and thrombogenic activity of microparticles isolated from human atherosclerotic plaques. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:772-7.
52. Boulanger CM, Loyer X, Rautou PE, Amabile N. Extracellular vesicles in coronary artery disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2017;14:259-72.
53. Chen X, Ying X, Wang X, Wu X, Zhu Q, Wang X. Exosomes derived from hypoxic epithelial ovarian cancer deliver microRNA-940 to induce macrophage M2 polarization. Oncol Rep 2017;38:522-8.
54. Zhao S, Mi Y, Guan B, et al. Tumor-derived exosomal miR-934 induces macrophage M2 polarization to promote liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2020;13:156.
55. Qiu S, Xie L, Lu C, et al. Gastric cancer-derived exosomal miR-519a-3p promotes liver metastasis by inducing intrahepatic M2-like macrophage-mediated angiogenesis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022;41:296.
56. Hosseini R, Asef-Kabiri L, Yousefi H, et al. The roles of tumor-derived exosomes in altered differentiation, maturation and function of dendritic cells. Mol Cancer 2021;20:83.
57. Zhang PF, Gao C, Huang XY, et al. Cancer cell-derived exosomal circUHRF1 induces natural killer cell exhaustion and may cause resistance to anti-PD1 therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2020;19:110.
58. Greening DW, Ji H, Chen M, et al. Secreted primary human malignant mesothelioma exosome signature reflects oncogenic cargo. Sci Rep 2016;6:32643.
59. Zhao H, Yang L, Baddour J, et al. Tumor microenvironment derived exosomes pleiotropically modulate cancer cell metabolism. Elife 2016;5:e10250.
60. Al-Nedawi K, Meehan B, Kerbel RS, Allison AC, Rak J. Endothelial expression of autocrine VEGF upon the uptake of tumor-derived microvesicles containing oncogenic EGFR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009;106:3794-9.
61. Wu Q, Yang Z, Nie Y, Shi Y, Fan D. Multi-drug resistance in cancer chemotherapeutics: mechanisms and lab approaches. Cancer Lett 2014;347:159-66.
62. Mansoori B, Mohammadi A, Davudian S, Shirjang S, Baradaran B. The different mechanisms of cancer drug resistance: a brief review. Adv Pharm Bull 2017;7:339-48.
63. Nathanson DA, Gini B, Mottahedeh J, et al. Targeted therapy resistance mediated by dynamic regulation of extrachromosomal mutant EGFR DNA. Science 2014;343:72-6.
64. Kreso A, O’Brien CA, van Galen P, et al. Variable clonal repopulation dynamics influence chemotherapy response in colorectal cancer. Science 2013;339:543-8.
65. Arora VK, Schenkein E, Murali R, et al. Glucocorticoid receptor confers resistance to antiandrogens by bypassing androgen receptor blockade. Cell 2013;155:1309-22.
66. Gatenby RA, Gillies RJ, Brown JS. Evolutionary dynamics of cancer prevention. Nat Rev Cancer 2010;10:526-7.
67. Gong J, Luk F, Jaiswal R, George AM, Grau GE, Bebawy M. Microparticle drug sequestration provides a parallel pathway in the acquisition of cancer drug resistance. Eur J Pharmacol 2013;721:116-25.
68. Bach DH, Hong JY, Park HJ, Lee SK. The role of exosomes and miRNAs in drug-resistance of cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2017;141:220-30.
69. Sharma A. Chemoresistance in cancer cells: exosomes as potential regulators of therapeutic tumor heterogeneity. Nanomedicine 2017;12:2137-48.
70. Camussi G, Deregibus MC, Bruno S, Grange C, Fonsato V, Tetta C. Exosome/microvesicle-mediated epigenetic reprogramming of cells. Am J Cancer Res 2011;1:98-110.
71. Duvivier L, Gerard L, Diaz A, Gillet JP. Linking ABC transporters to the hallmarks of cancer. Trends Cancer 2024;10:124-34.
72. Quazi F, Lenevich S, Molday RS. ABCA4 is an N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylethanolamine importer. Nat Commun 2012;3:925.
73. Kitai K, Kawaguchi K, Tomohiro T, Morita M, So T, Imanaka T. The lysosomal protein ABCD4 can transport vitamin B12 across liposomal membranes in vitro. J Biol Chem 2021;296:100654.
74. Gerovac M, Tampé R. Control of mRNA translation by versatile ATP-driven machines. Trends Biochem Sci 2019;44:167-80.
75. Moitra K, Lou H, Dean M. Multidrug efflux pumps and cancer stem cells: insights into multidrug resistance and therapeutic development. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011;89:491-502.
76. Dong J, Yuan L, Hu C, Cheng X, Qin JJ. Strategies to overcome cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) through targeting P-glycoprotein (ABCB1): an updated review. Pharmacol Ther 2023;249:108488.
77. Amiri-Kordestani L, Basseville A, Kurdziel K, Fojo AT, Bates SE. Targeting MDR in breast and lung cancer: discriminating its potential importance from the failure of drug resistance reversal studies. Drug Resist Updat 2012;15:50-61.
78. Levchenko A, Mehta BM, Niu X, et al. Intercellular transfer of P-glycoprotein mediates acquired multidrug resistance in tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005;102:1933-8.
79. Rafii A, Mirshahi P, Poupot M, et al. Oncologic trogocytosis of an original stromal cells induces chemoresistance of ovarian tumours. PLoS One 2008;3:e3894.
80. Bebawy M, Combes V, Lee E, et al. Membrane microparticles mediate transfer of P-glycoprotein to drug sensitive cancer cells. Leukemia 2009;23:1643-9.
81. Corcoran C, Rani S, O’Brien K, et al. Docetaxel-resistance in prostate cancer: evaluating associated phenotypic changes and potential for resistance transfer via exosomes. PLoS One 2012;7:e50999.
82. Jaiswal R, Luk F, Dalla PV, Grau GE, Bebawy M. Breast cancer-derived microparticles display tissue selectivity in the transfer of resistance proteins to cells. PLoS One 2013;8:e61515.
83. Lv M, Zhu X, Chen W, et al. Exosomes mediate drug resistance transfer in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and a probable mechanism is delivery of P-glycoprotein. Tumour Biol 2014;35:10773-9.
84. Pasquier J, Galas L, Boulangé-Lecomte C, et al. Different modalities of intercellular membrane exchanges mediate cell-to-cell p-glycoprotein transfers in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2012;287:7374-87.
85. Pokharel D, Padula MP, Lu JF, et al. Proteome analysis of multidrug-resistant, breast cancer-derived microparticles. J Extracell Vesicles 2014;3:24384.
86. Zhou H, Zheng Y, Cheng X, et al. Intercellular transfer of P-glycoprotein from the drug resistant human bladder cancer cell line BIU-87 does not require cell-to-cell contact. J Urol 2013;190:1069-75.
87. Cheng XZ, Zhou HL, Tang SX, et al. Intercellular transfer of P-glycoprotein mediates the formation of stable multi-drug resistance in human bladder cancer BIU-87 cells. Biol Open 2019;8:bio041889.
88. Zhang F, Zhu Y, Zhao Q, et al. Microvesicles mediate transfer of P-glycoprotein to paclitaxel-sensitive A2780 human ovarian cancer cells, conferring paclitaxel-resistance. Eur J Pharmacol 2014;738:83-90.
89. Torreggiani E, Roncuzzi L, Perut F, Zini N, Baldini N. Multimodal transfer of MDR by exosomes in human osteosarcoma. Int J Oncol 2016;49:189-96.
90. Wang X, Qiao D, Chen L, et al. Chemotherapeutic drugs stimulate the release and recycling of extracellular vesicles to assist cancer cells in developing an urgent chemoresistance. Mol Cancer 2019;18:182.
91. Jaiswal R, Raymond Grau GE, Bebawy M. Cellular communication via microparticles: role in transfer of multidrug resistance in cancer. Future Oncol 2014;10:655-69.
92. Norris MD, Bordow SB, Marshall GM, Haber PS, Cohn SL, Haber M. Expression of the gene for multidrug-resistance-associated protein and outcome in patients with neuroblastoma. N Engl J Med 1996;334:231-8.
93. Nooter K, de la Riviere GB, Klijn J, Stoter G, Foekens J. Multidrug resistance protein in recurrent breast cancer. Lancet 1997;349:1885-6.
94. Lu JF, Luk F, Gong J, Jaiswal R, Grau GE, Bebawy M. Microparticles mediate MRP1 intercellular transfer and the re-templating of intrinsic resistance pathways. Pharmacol Res 2013;76:77-83.
95. Bouvy C, Wannez A, Laloy J, Chatelain C, Dogné JM. Transfer of multidrug resistance among acute myeloid leukemia cells via extracellular vesicles and their microRNA cargo. Leuk Res 2017;62:70-6.
96. Taylor NMI, Manolaridis I, Jackson SM, Kowal J, Stahlberg H, Locher KP. Structure of the human multidrug transporter ABCG2. Nature 2017;546:504-9.
97. Hou YX, Li CZ, Palaniyandi K, et al. Effects of putative catalytic base mutation E211Q on ABCG2-mediated methotrexate transport. Biochemistry 2009;48:9122-31.
99. Patch AM, Christie EL, Etemadmoghadam D, et al; Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group. Whole-genome characterization of chemoresistant ovarian cancer. Nature 2015;521:489-94.
100. Ifergan I, Scheffer GL, Assaraf YG. Novel extracellular vesicles mediate an ABCG2-dependent anticancer drug sequestration and resistance. Cancer Res 2005;65:10952-8.
101. Ifergan I, Goler-Baron V, Assaraf YG. Riboflavin concentration within ABCG2-rich extracellular vesicles is a novel marker for multidrug resistance in malignant cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009;380:5-10.
102. Goler-Baron V, Assaraf YG. Structure and function of ABCG2-rich extracellular vesicles mediating multidrug resistance. PLoS One 2011;6:e16007.
103. Goler-Baron V, Sladkevich I, Assaraf YG. Inhibition of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway disrupts ABCG2-rich extracellular vesicles and overcomes multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2012;83:1340-8.
104. Gajos-Michniewicz A, Duechler M, Czyz M. MiRNA in melanoma-derived exosomes. Cancer Lett 2014;347:29-37.
105. Bang C, Thum T. Exosomes: new players in cell-cell communication. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012;44:2060-4.
106. Jaiswal R, Gong J, Sambasivam S, et al. Microparticle-associated nucleic acids mediate trait dominance in cancer. FASEB J 2012;26:420-9.
107. Zhuang L, Zhang B, Liu X, et al. Exosomal miR-21-5p derived from cisplatin-resistant SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells promotes glycolysis and inhibits chemosensitivity of its progenitor SKOV3 cells by targeting PDHA1. Cell Biol Int 2021;45:2140-9.
108. Zhu T, Hu Z, Wang Z, et al. microRNA-301b-3p from mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles inhibits TXNIP to promote multidrug resistance of gastric cancer cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023;39:1923-37.
109. Wei Y, Lai X, Yu S, et al. Exosomal miR-221/222 enhances tamoxifen resistance in recipient ER-positive breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014;147:423-31.
110. Natasha G, Gundogan B, Tan A, et al. Exosomes as immunotheranostic nanoparticles. Clin Ther 2014;36:820-9.
111. Munoz JL, Bliss SA, Greco SJ, Ramkissoon SH, Ligon KL, Rameshwar P. Delivery of functional anti-miR-9 by mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes to glioblastoma multiforme cells conferred chemosensitivity. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2013;2:e126.
112. Cui X, Chen Y, Zhao L, Ding X. Extracellular vesicles derived from paclitaxel-sensitive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells deliver miR-183-5p and impart paclitaxel sensitivity through a mechanism involving P-gp. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023;39:2953-70.
113. Ma X, Chen Z, Hua D, et al. Essential role for TrpC5-containing extracellular vesicles in breast cancer with chemotherapeutic resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014;111:6389-94.
114. Wu S, Luo M, To KKW, et al. Intercellular transfer of exosomal wild type EGFR triggers osimertinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2021;20:17.
115. Vella LJ, Behren A, Coleman B, Greening DW, Hill AF, Cebon J. Intercellular resistance to BRAF inhibition can be mediated by extracellular vesicle-associated PDGFRβ. Neoplasia 2017;19:932-40.
116. Ji R, Zhang B, Zhang X, et al. Exosomes derived from human mesenchymal stem cells confer drug resistance in gastric cancer. Cell Cycle 2015;14:2473-83.
117. Qu Z, Wu J, Wu J, Luo D, Jiang C, Ding Y. Exosomes derived from HCC cells induce sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma both in vivo and in vitro. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016;35:159.
118. Wojtuszkiewicz A, Schuurhuis GJ, Kessler FL, et al. Exosomes secreted by apoptosis-resistant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts harbor regulatory network proteins potentially involved in antagonism of apoptosis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016;15:1281-98.
119. Kreger BT, Johansen ER, Cerione RA, Antonyak MA. The enrichment of survivin in exosomes from breast cancer cells treated with paclitaxel promotes cell survival and chemoresistance. Cancers 2016;8:111.
120. Lopes-Rodrigues V, Di Luca A, Mleczko J, et al. Identification of the metabolic alterations associated with the multidrug resistant phenotype in cancer and their intercellular transfer mediated by extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2017;7:44541.
121. Sullivan R, Maresh G, Zhang X, et al. The emerging roles of extracellular vesicles as communication vehicles within the tumor microenvironment and beyond. Front Endocrinol 2017;8:194.
122. Xing F, Saidou J, Watabe K. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in tumor microenvironment. Front Biosci 2010;15:166-79.
123. Richards KE, Zeleniak AE, Fishel ML, Wu J, Littlepage LE, Hill R. Cancer-associated fibroblast exosomes regulate survival and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. Oncogene 2017;36:1770-8.
124. Hekmatirad S, Moloudizargari M, Moghadamnia AA, et al. Inhibition of exosome release sensitizes U937 cells to PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin. Front Immunol 2021;12:692654.
125. Muralidharan-Chari V, Kohan HG, Asimakopoulos AG, et al. Microvesicle removal of anticancer drugs contributes to drug resistance in human pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016;7:50365-79.
126. Federici C, Petrucci F, Caimi S, et al. Exosome release and low pH belong to a framework of resistance of human melanoma cells to cisplatin. PLoS One 2014;9:e88193.
127. Atai NA, Balaj L, van Veen H, et al. Heparin blocks transfer of extracellular vesicles between donor and recipient cells. J Neurooncol 2013;115:343-51.
