REFERENCES
1. Johnson DE, Burtness B, Leemans CR, Lui VWY, Bauman JE, Grandis JR. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020;6:92.
2. Sacco AG, Cohen EE. Current treatment options for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:3305-13.
3. Beermann J, Piccoli MT, Viereck J, Thum T. Non-coding RNAs in development and disease: background, mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches. Physiol Rev 2016;96:1297-325.
4. Suzuki H, Zuo Y, Wang J, Zhang MQ, Malhotra A, Mayeda A. Characterization of RNase R-digested cellular RNA source that consists of lariat and circular RNAs from pre-mRNA splicing. Nucleic Acids Res 2006;34:e63.
5. Harper KL, Mcdonnell E, Whitehouse A. CircRNAs: from anonymity to novel regulators of gene expression in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2019;55:1183-93.
6. Chen LL. The expanding regulatory mechanisms and cellular functions of circular RNAs. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020;21:475-90.
7. Wu P, Mo Y, Peng M, et al. Emerging role of tumor-related functional peptides encoded by lncRNA and circRNA. Mol Cancer 2020;19:22.
8. Yang Y, Wang Y, Wang F, et al. The roles of miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA in the development of osteoporosis. Biol Res 2020;53:40.
9. Yong-Deok K, Eun-Hyoung J, Yeon-Sun K, et al. Molecular genetic study of novel biomarkers for early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2015;20:e167-79.
10. Zhang SJ, Chen X, Li CP, et al. Identification and characterization of circular RNAs as a new class of putative biomarkers in diabetes retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017;58:6500-9.
11. Li Y, Zheng Q, Bao C, et al. Circular RNA is enriched and stable in exosomes: a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis. Cell Res 2015;25:981-4.
12. Dang QQ, Li PH, Wang J, et al. CircMAN1A2 contributes to nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression via enhancing the ubiquitination of ATMIN through miR-135a-3p/UBR5 axis. Hum Cell 2023;36:657-75.
13. Luo Y, Ma J, Liu F, Guo J, Gui R. Diagnostic value of exosomal circMYC in radioresistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck 2020;42:3702-11.
14. Liu R, Zhou M, Zhang P, Zhao Y, Zhang Y. Cell proliferation and invasion is promoted by circSERPINA3 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by regulating miR-944/MDM2 axis. J Cancer 2020;11:3910-8.
15. He W, Zhou X, Mao Y, et al. CircCRIM1 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression via the miR-34c-5p/FOSL1 axis. Eur J Med Res 2022;27:59.
16. Shuai M, Huang L. High expression of hsa_circRNA_001387 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the effect on efficacy of radiotherapy. Onco Targets Ther 2020;13:3965-73.
17. Sufianov A, Begliarzade S, Kudriashov V, et al. The role of circular RNAs in the pathophysiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Noncoding RNA Res 2023;8:109-14.
18. Li L, Zhang ZT. Hsa_circ_0086414 might be a diagnostic biomarker of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2020;26:e919383.
19. Zhao SY, Wang J, Ouyang SB, Huang ZK, Liao L. Salivary circular RNAs Hsa_Circ_0001874 and Hsa_Circ_0001971 as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018;47:2511-21.
20. Kan X, Sun Y, Lu J, et al. Co-inhibition of miRNA-21 and miRNA-221 induces apoptosis by enhancing the p53-mediated expression of pro-apoptotic miRNAs in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2016;13:4315-20.
21. Yin L, Chen J, Ma C, et al. Hsa_circ_0046263 functions as a ceRNA to promote nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by upregulating IGFBP3. Cell Death Dis 2020;11:562.
22. Li M, Li Y, Yu M. CircRNA ZNF609 knockdown suppresses cell growth via modulating miR-188/ELF2 axis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020;13:2399-409.
23. Wang J, Lin Y, Jiang DH, Yang X, He XG. CircRNA ZNF609 promotes angiogenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by regulating miR-145/STMN1 axis. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021;37:686-98.
24. Zhu L, Liu Y, Yang Y, Mao XM, Yin ZD. CircRNA ZNF609 promotes growth and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by competing with microRNA-150-5p. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019;23:2817-26.
25. Zhao Y, Li C, Zhang Y, Li Z. CircTMTC1 contributes to nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression through targeting miR-495-MET-eIF4G1 translational regulation axis. Cell Death Dis 2022;13:250.
26. Fang X, Huang W, Wu P, Zeng J, Li X. CircRNA circTRAF3 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis through targeting miR-203a-3p/AKT3 axis. Pathol Res Pract 2021;221:153438.
27. Liu Q, Shuai M, Xia Y. Knockdown of EBV-encoded circRNA circRPMS1 suppresses nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation and metastasis through sponging multiple miRNAs. Cancer Manag Res 2019;11:8023-31.
28. Chen Z, Gong Q, Li D, Zhou J. CircKIAA0368 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion by upregulating HOXA10 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2022;36:615-27.
29. Li D, Li X, Fan G, Bian G. Identification of the regulatory role of the circ_0004788/miR-515-5p/FGF2 network in nasopharyngeal carcinoma development. Head Neck 2022;44:1631-45.
30. He J, Chen S, Wu X, Jiang D, Li R, Mao Z. Hsa_circ_0081534 facilitates malignant phenotypes by sequestering miR-874-3p and upregulating FMNL3 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Auris Nasus Larynx 2022;49:822-33.
31. Li S, Wang Q. Hsa_circ_0081534 increases the proliferation and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through regulating the miR-508-5p/FN1 axis. Aging 2020;12:20645-57.
32. Liu T, Huang T, Shang M, Han G. CircRNA ITCH: insight into its role and clinical application prospect in tumor and non-tumor diseases. Front Genet 2022;13:927541.
33. Ke Z, Xie F, Zheng C, Chen D. CircHIPK3 promotes proliferation and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by abrogating miR-4288-induced ELF3 inhibition. J Cell Physiol 2019;234:1699-706.
34. Deng G, Wang F, Song Y. Circular RNA SET domain protein 3 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma proliferation, cisplatin resistance, and protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway activation by modulating microRNA-147a expression. Bioengineered 2022;13:5843-54.
35. Tang L, Xiong W, Zhang L, et al. circSETD3 regulates MAPRE1 through miR-615-5p and miR-1538 sponges to promote migration and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncogene 2021;40:307-21.
36. Jiang W, Zhang C, Zhang X, Sun L, Li J, Zuo J. CircRNA HIPK3 promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma through upregulation of the NUPR1/PI3K/AKT pathway by sponging miR-637. Ann Transl Med 2021;9:860.
37. Wang L, Wei Y, Yan Y, et al. CircDOCK1 suppresses cell apoptosis via inhibition of miR‑196a‑5p by targeting BIRC3 in OSCC. Oncol Rep 2018;39:951-66.
38. Jun W, Shaobo O, Xianhua Z, et al. Deregulation of hsa_circ_0001971/miR-186 and hsa_circ_0001874/miR-296 signaling pathways promotes the proliferation of oral squamous carcinoma cells by synergistically activating SHP2/PLK1 signals. Sci Rep 2021;11:20561.
39. Meng Y, Zhao EY, Zhou Y, et al. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0011946 promotes cell growth, migration, and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma by upregulating PCNA. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020;24:1226-32.
40. Li X, Zhang H, Wang Y, Sun S, Shen Y, Yang H. Silencing circular RNA hsa_circ_0004491 promotes metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Life Sci 2019;239:116883.
41. Su W, Wang YF, Wang F, Yang HJ, Yang HY. [Effect of circular RNA hsa_circ_0002203 on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019;37:509-15.
42. Wang F, Wang YF, Su W, Yang HJ, Yang HY. [Effect of circular RNA hsa_circ_0063772 on proliferation, migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019;54:561-7.
43. Guo J, Su Y, Zhang M. Circ_0000140 restrains the proliferation, metastasis and glycolysis metabolism of oral squamous cell carcinoma through upregulating CDC73 via sponging miR-182-5p. Cancer Cell Int 2020;20:407.
44. Su W, Wang Y, Wang F, et al. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0007059 indicates prognosis and influences malignant behavior via AKT/mTOR in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2019;234:15156-66.
45. Su W, Sun S, Wang F, Shen Y, Yang H. Retraction note: circular RNA hsa_circ_0055538 regulates the malignant biological behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma through the p53/Bcl-2/caspase signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2023;21:312.
46. Gao L, Wang QB, Zhi Y, et al. Down-regulation of hsa_circ_0092125 is related to the occurrence and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020;49:292-7.
47. Chen L, Zhang S, Wu J, et al. circRNA_100290 plays a role in oral cancer by functioning as a sponge of the miR-29 family. Oncogene 2017;36:4551-61.
48. Chen X, Yu J, Tian H, et al. Circle RNA hsa_circRNA_100290 serves as a ceRNA for miR-378a to regulate oral squamous cell carcinoma cells growth via Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) and glycolysis. J Cell Physiol 2019;234:19130-40.
49. Gao L, Zhang Q, Li S, Zheng J, Ren W, Zhi K. Circ-PKD2 promotes Atg13-mediated autophagy by inhibiting miR-646 to increase the sensitivity of cisplatin in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Cell Death Dis 2022;13:192.
50. Gao L, Zhao C, Li S, et al. circ-PKD2 inhibits carcinogenesis via the miR-204-3p/APC2 axis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2019;58:1783-94.
51. Wang Z, Huang C, Zhang A, Lu C, Liu L. Overexpression of circRNA_100290 promotes the progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma through the miR-136-5p/RAP2C axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020;125:109874.
52. Li H, You J, Xue H, Tan X, Chao C. CircCTDP1 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression via a microRNA-320b/HOXA10/TGFβ2 pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020;45:836-46.
53. Fan C, Qu H, Xiong F, et al. CircARHGAP12 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma migration and invasion via ezrin-mediated cytoskeletal remodeling. Cancer Lett 2021;496:41-56.
54. Mo Y, Wang Y, Zhang S, et al. Circular RNA circRNF13 inhibits proliferation and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via SUMO2. Mol Cancer 2021;20:112.
55. Chen X, Xu W, Ma Z, et al. Circ_0000215 exerts oncogenic function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by targeting miR-512-5p. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021;9:688873.
56. Wang Y, Yan Q, Mo Y, et al. Splicing factor derived circular RNA circCAMSAP1 accelerates nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumorigenesis via a SERPINH1/c-Myc positive feedback loop. Mol Cancer 2022;21:62.
57. Zhao M, Wang Y, Tan F, et al. Circular RNA circCCNB1 inhibits the migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through binding and stabilizing TJP1 mRNA. Sci China Life Sci 2022;65:2233-47.
58. Jiang C, Li H, Liu F, Shi L, Liu J, Li Y. Hsa_circ_0000345 inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via miR-513a-3p/PTEN axis. J Physiol Sci 2022;72:10.
59. Li W, Lu H, Wang H, et al. Circular RNA TGFBR2 acts as a ceRNA to suppress nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by sponging miR-107. Cancer Lett 2021;499:301-13.
60. Mo Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, et al. Circular RNA circPVT1 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis via the β-TrCP/c-Myc/SRSF1 positive feedback loop. Mol Cancer 2022;21:192.
61. Wu P, Hou X, Peng M, et al. Circular RNA circRILPL1 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma malignant progression by activating the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. Cell Death Differ 2023;30:1679-94.
62. Lu X, Xie H. Circ_0001971 makes progress of oral squamous cell carcinoma by targeting miR-107/FZD4 axis. Oral Dis 2023;29:1979-90.
63. Tan X, Zhou C, Liang Y, Lai YF, Liang Y. Circ_0001971 regulates oral squamous cell carcinoma progression and chemosensitivity by targeting miR-194/miR-204 in vitro and in vivo. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020;24:2470-81.
64. Chen F, Zhang H, Wang J. Circular RNA CircSHKBP1 accelerates the proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and stem cell-like properties via modulation of microR-766-5p/high mobility group AT-hook 2 axis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Bioengineered 2022;13:11551-63.
65. Wang X, Wu T, Wang P, et al. Circular RNA 103862 promotes proliferation and invasion of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells through the miR-493-5p/GOLM1 axis. Front Oncol 2020;10:1064.
66. Guo Y, Huang Q, Zheng J, et al. Diagnostic role of dysregulated circular RNA hsa_circ_0036722 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020;13:5709-19.
67. Gong H, Wu W, Fang C, He D. CircBFAR correlates with poor prognosis and promotes laryngeal squamous cell cancer progression through miR-31-5p/COL5A1 axis. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022;7:1951-62.
68. Gao W, Guo H, Niu M, et al. circPARD3 drives malignant progression and chemoresistance of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting autophagy through the PRKCI-Akt-mTOR pathway. Mol Cancer 2020;19:166.
69. Wang Z, Sun A, Yan A, et al. Circular RNA MTCL1 promotes advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma progression by inhibiting C1QBP ubiquitin degradation and mediating beta-catenin activation. Mol Cancer 2022;21:92.
70. Gong L, Chen J, Jiang X. Circ_0005033 is an oncogene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and regulates cell progression and Cisplatin sensitivity via miR-107/IGF1R axis. Anticancer Drugs 2022;33:245-56.
71. Yang H, Yu G, Wang Y, Guo X. Circ_0044520 regulates the progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma via the miR-338-3p/ROR2 axis. Histol Histopathol 2022;37:513-26.
72. Zheng Y, Duan L, Yang Y, Luo D, Yan B. Circ_0023028 contributes to the progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by upregulating LASP1 through miR-486-3p. Mol Cell Biochem 2021;476:2951-61.
73. Chen L, Zhou H, Guan Z. CircRNA_000543 knockdown sensitizes nasopharyngeal carcinoma to irradiation by targeting miR-9/platelet-derived growth factor receptor B axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019;512:786-92.
74. Zhu J, Fu Q, Shao J, et al. Regulating effect of Circ_ATRNL1 on the promotion of SOX9 expression to promote chondrogenic differentiation of hAMSCs mediated by MiR-145-5p. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021;15:487-502.
75. Han X, Tian R, Wang C, Li Y, Song X. CircRNAs: roles in regulating head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022;12:1026073.
76. Przybylski K, Majchrzak E, Weselik L, Golusiński W. Immunotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Immune checkpoint blockade. Otolaryngol Pol 2018;72:10-6.
77. Bhatia A, Burtness B. Treating head and neck cancer in the age of immunotherapy: a 2023 update. Drugs 2023;83:217-48.
78. Ge J, Wang J, Xiong F, et al. Epstein-barr virus-encoded circular RNA circBART2.2 promotes immune escape of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by regulating PD-L1. Cancer Res 2021;81:5074-88.
79. Zhang J, Hu H, Zhao Y, Zhao Y. CDR1as is overexpressed in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma to promote the tumour’s progression via miR-7 signals. Cell Prolif 2018;51:e12521.
80. Chen Y, Li Z, Liang J, et al. CircRNA has_circ_0069313 induced OSCC immunity escape by miR-325-3p-Foxp3 axes in both OSCC cells and Treg cells. Aging 2022;14:4376-89.
81. Burtness B, Harrington KJ, Greil R, et al; KEYNOTE-048 Investigators. Pembrolizumab alone or with chemotherapy versus cetuximab with chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-048): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet 2019;394:1915-28.
82. Cohen EEW, Soulières D, Le Tourneau C, et al; KEYNOTE-040 investigators. Pembrolizumab versus methotrexate, docetaxel, or cetuximab for recurrent or metastatic head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (KEYNOTE-040): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet 2019;393:156-67.
83. Han J, Zakeri K, Raab G, et al. Concurrent carboplatin and paclitaxel definitive radiation therapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2023;45:2207-16.
84. Alexa-Stratulat T, Pešić M, Gašparović AČ, Trougakos IP, Riganti C. What sustains the multidrug resistance phenotype beyond ABC efflux transporters? Looking beyond the tip of the iceberg. Drug Resist Updat 2019;46:100643.
86. Huang A, Zheng H, Wu Z, Chen M, Huang Y. Circular RNA-protein interactions: functions, mechanisms, and identification. Theranostics 2020;10:3503-17.
87. Hong X, Liu N, Liang Y, et al. Circular RNA CRIM1 functions as a ceRNA to promote nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis and docetaxel chemoresistance through upregulating FOXQ1. Mol Cancer 2020;19:33.
88. Liu L, Lu B, Li Y. Circular RNA circ_0008450 regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and chemosensitivity of CDDP-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by the miR-338-3p/SMAD5 axis. Anticancer Drugs 2022;33:e260-72.
89. Hong X, Li Q, Li J, et al. CircIPO7 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis and cisplatin chemoresistance by facilitating YBX1 nuclear localization. Clin Cancer Res 2022;28:4521-35.
90. Cheng Y, Zhu Y, Xiao M, et al. circRNA_0067717 promotes paclitaxel resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by acting as a scaffold for TRIM41 and p53. Cell Oncol 2023;46:677-95.
91. Ai J, Tan G, Li W, et al. Exosomes loaded with circPARD3 promotes EBV-miR-BART4-induced stemness and cisplatin resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma side population cells through the miR-579-3p/SIRT1/SSRP1 axis. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023;39:537-56.
92. Qiongna D, Jiafeng Z, Yalin H, et al. Implication of hsa_circ_0028007 in reinforcing migration, invasion, and chemo-tolerance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. J Clin Lab Anal 2020;34:e23409.
93. Lin J, Qin H, Han Y, Li X, Zhao Y, Zhai G. CircNRIP1 modulates the miR-515-5p/IL-25 axis to control 5-Fu and cisplatin resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021;15:323-30.
94. Feng B, Chen K, Zhang W, Zheng Q, He Y. circPGAM1 enhances autophagy signaling during laryngocarcinoma drug resistance by regulating miR-376a. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021;534:966-72.
95. Yi X, Chen W, Li C, et al. Circular RNA circ_0004507 contributes to laryngeal cancer progression and cisplatin resistance by sponging miR-873 to upregulate multidrug resistance 1 and multidrug resistance protein 1. Head Neck 2021;43:928-41.
96. Wu S, Lv X, Wei H, et al. Circ-ILF2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma promotes cisplatin resistance and induces M2 polarization of macrophages. J Cell Mol Med 2023;27:4133-44.
97. Ren W, Cheng Y, Li S, Zheng J, Gao L, Zhi K. circAP1M2 activates ATG9A-associated autophagy by inhibiting miR-1249-3p to promote cisplatin resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2023;238:2612-24.
98. Gao F, Han J, Wang Y, Jia L, Luo W, Zeng Y. Circ_0109291 promotes cisplatin resistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma by sponging miR-188-3p to increase ABCB1 expression. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2022;37:233-45.
99. Yan J, Xu H. Regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 by circANKS1B/miR-515-5p affects the metastatic potential and cisplatin resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Bioengineered 2021;12:12420-30.
