REFERENCES
1. Alexander M, Kim SY, Cheng H. Update 2020: management of non-small cell lung cancer. Lung 2020;198:897-907.
2. Duma N, Santana-Davila R, Molina JR. Non-small cell lung cancer: epidemiology, screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc 2019;94:1623-40.
3. Indini A, Rijavec E, Bareggi C, Grossi F. Novel treatment strategies for early-stage lung cancer: the oncologist’s perspective. J Thorac Dis 2020;12:3390-8.
4. Lim JU, Yeo CD. Update on adjuvant therapy in completely resected NSCLC patients. Thorac Cancer 2022;13:277-83.
5. Soon YY, Furnback W, Kim J, et al. Clinical trial and real-world outcomes of patients with metastatic NSCLC in the post-platinum-based chemotherapy failure setting. JTO Clin Res Rep 2023;4:100579.
6. Liu WJ, Du Y, Wen R, Yang M, Xu J. Drug resistance to targeted therapeutic strategies in non-small cell lung cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2020;206:107438.
7. Rotow J, Bivona TG. Understanding and targeting resistance mechanisms in NSCLC. Nat Rev Cancer 2017;17:637-58.
8. Assaraf YG, Brozovic A, Gonçalves AC, et al. The multi-factorial nature of clinical multidrug resistance in cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2019;46:100645.
9. Maloney SM, Hoover CA, Morejon-Lasso LV, Prosperi JR. Mechanisms of taxane resistance. Cancers 2020;12:3323.
10. Tian Y, Lei Y, Wang Y, Lai J, Wang J, Xia F. Mechanism of multidrug resistance to chemotherapy mediated by P-glycoprotein (Review). Int J Oncol 2023;63:119.
11. Wang C, Ding S, Sun B, et al. Hsa-miR-4271 downregulates the expression of constitutive androstane receptor and enhances in vivo the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer to gefitinib. Pharmacol Res 2020;161:105110.
12. Chen C, Hou J, Yu S, et al. Role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the resistance to antitumor therapy, and their potential therapeutic mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2021;21:413.
13. Han X, Xu Y, Geranpayehvaghei M, Anderson GJ, Li Y, Nie G. Emerging nanomedicines for anti-stromal therapy against desmoplastic tumors. Biomaterials 2020;232:119745.
14. Zhang H, Jiang H, Zhu L, Li J, Ma S. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in non-small cell lung cancer: recent advances and future perspectives. Cancer Lett 2021;514:38-47.
15. Lin Y, Xu Z, Zhou B, Ma K, Jiang M. Pentoxifylline inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by regulating cellular senescence in mice. Front Pharmacol 2022;13:848263.
16. Wen WX, Lee SY, Siang R, Koh RY. Repurposing pentoxifylline for the treatment of fibrosis: an overview. Adv Ther 2017;34:1245-69.
17. Xavier CPR, Castro I, Caires HR, et al. Chitinase 3-like-1 and fibronectin in the cargo of extracellular vesicles shed by human macrophages influence pancreatic cancer cellular response to gemcitabine. Cancer Lett 2021;501:210-23.
18. Bravo-Cuellar A, Ortiz-Lazareno PC, Lerma-Diaz JM, et al. Sensitization of cervix cancer cells to adriamycin by pentoxifylline induces an increase in apoptosis and decrease senescence. Mol Cancer 2010;9:114.
19. Bravo-Cuellar A, Ortiz-Lazareno PC, Sierra-Díaz E, et al. Pentoxifylline sensitizes cisplatin-resistant human cervical cancer cells to cisplatin treatment: involvement of mitochondrial and NF-kappa B pathways. Front Oncol 2020;10:592706.
20. Cancino-Marentes ME, Hernández-Flores G, Ortiz-Lazareno PC, et al. Sensitizing the cytotoxic action of docetaxel induced by pentoxifylline in a PC3 prostate cancer cell line. BMC Urol 2021;21:38.
21. Kim JH, Shin BC, Park WS, Lee J, Kuh HJ. Antifibrotic effects of pentoxifylline improve the efficacy of gemcitabine in human pancreatic tumor xenografts. Cancer Sci 2017;108:2470-7.
22. Ohsaki Y, Ishida S, Fujikane T, Kikuchi K. Pentoxifylline potentiates the antitumor effect of cisplatin and etoposide on human lung cancer cell lines. Oncology 1996;53:327-33.
23. Goel PN, Gude RP. Curbing the focal adhesion kinase and its associated signaling events by pentoxifylline in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2013;714:432-41.
24. Goel PN, Gude RP. Unravelling the antimetastatic potential of pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine derivative in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2011;358:141-51.
25. Wang Y, Dong L, Li J, Luo M, Shang B. Pentoxifylline induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells by reducing reactive oxygen species production and activating the MAPK signaling. Life Sci 2017;183:60-8.
26. Al-husein BA, Mhaidat NM, Alzoubi KH, et al. Pentoxifylline induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Inform Med Unlocked 2022;31:100997.
27. Rao FV, Andersen OA, Vora KA, Demartino JA, van Aalten DM. Methylxanthine drugs are chitinase inhibitors: investigation of inhibition and binding modes. Chem Biol 2005;12:973-80.
28. Chen HT, Zheng JM, Zhang YZ, et al. Overexpression of YKL-40 predicts poor prognosis in patients undergoing curative resection of pancreatic cancer. Pancreas 2017;46:323-34.
29. De Robertis M, Greco MR, Cardone RA, et al. Upregulation of YKL-40 promotes metastatic phenotype and correlates with poor prognosis and therapy response in patients with colorectal cancer. Cells 2022;11:3568.
30. Lee YE, Chan TC, Tian YF, et al. High expression of chitinase 3-like-1 is an unfavorable prognostic factor in urothelial carcinoma of upper urinary tract and urinary bladder. Urol Oncol 2019;37:299.e7-18.
31. Jefri M, Huang YN, Huang WC, Tai CS, Chen WL. YKL-40 regulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migration/invasion enhancement in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2015;15:590.
32. Park KR, Yun HM, Yoo K, Ham YW, Han SB, Hong JT. Chitinase 3 like 1 suppresses the stability and activity of p53 to promote lung tumorigenesis. Cell Commun Signal 2020;18:5.
33. Zhao T, Su Z, Li Y, Zhang X, You Q. Chitinase-3 like-protein-1 function and its role in diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020;5:201.
34. Geng B, Pan J, Zhao T, et al. Chitinase 3-like 1-CD44 interaction promotes metastasis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through β-catenin/Erk/Akt signaling in gastric cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018;37:208.
35. Jaén M, Martín-Regalado Á, Bartolomé RA, Robles J, Casal JI. Interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13Rα2): expression, signaling pathways and therapeutic applications in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022;1877:188802.
36. Yu JE, Yeo IJ, Han SB, et al. Significance of chitinase-3-like protein 1 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Exp Mol Med 2024;56:1-18.
37. Pesic M, Markovic JZ, Jankovic D, et al. Induced resistance in the human non small cell lung carcinoma (NCI-H460) cell line in vitro by anticancer drugs. J Chemother 2006;18:66-73.
38. Podolski-Renić A, Jadranin M, Stanković T, et al. Molecular and cytogenetic changes in multi-drug resistant cancer cells and their influence on new compounds testing. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013;72:683-97.
39. Silva BR, Rebelo R, Rodrigues JM, Xavier CPR, Vasconcelos MH, Queiroz MRP. Synthesis of novel methyl 3-(hetero)arylthieno[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylates and antitumor activity evaluation: studies in vitro and in ovo grafts of chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) with a triple negative breast cancer cell line. Molecules 2021;26:1594.
40. Vichai V, Kirtikara K. Sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay for cytotoxicity screening. Nat Protoc 2006;1:1112-6.
41. Branco H, Oliveira J, Antunes C, Santos LL, Vasconcelos MH, Xavier CPR. Pirfenidone sensitizes NCI-H460 non-small cell lung cancer cells to paclitaxel and to a combination of paclitaxel with carboplatin. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23:3631.
42. Teixeira A, DaCunha DC, Barros L, et al. Eucalyptus globulus Labill. decoction extract inhibits the growth of NCI-H460 cells by increasing the p53 levels and altering the cell cycle profile. Food Funct 2019;10:3188-97.
43. Castro I, Lopes-Rodrigues V, Branco H, Vasconcelos MH, Xavier CPR. Establishing and characterizing a novel doxorubicin-resistant acute myeloid leukaemia cell line. J Chemother 2023;35:307-21.
44. Lopes-Rodrigues V, Oliveira A, Correia-da-Silva M, et al. A novel curcumin derivative which inhibits P-glycoprotein, arrests cell cycle and induces apoptosis in multidrug resistance cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2017;25:581-96.
45. Lopes-Rodrigues V, Di Luca A, Mleczko J, et al. Identification of the metabolic alterations associated with the multidrug resistant phenotype in cancer and their intercellular transfer mediated by extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2017;7:44541.
46. Lopes-Rodrigues V, Di Luca A, Sousa D, et al. Multidrug resistant tumour cells shed more microvesicle-like EVs and less exosomes than their drug-sensitive counterpart cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016;1860:618-27.
47. Bian B, Li L, Yang J, et al. Prognostic value of YKL-40 in solid tumors: a meta-analysis of 41 cohort studies. Cancer Cell Int 2019;19:259.
48. Barancik M, Bohacova V, Gibalova L, Sedlak J, Sulova Z, Breier A. Potentiation of anticancer drugs: effects of pentoxifylline on neoplastic cells. Int J Mol Sci 2012;13:369-82.
49. Drobná Z, Stein U, Walther W, Barancík M, Breier A. Pentoxifylline influences drug transport activity of P-glycoprotein and decreases mdrl gene expression in multidrug resistant mouse leukemic L1210/VCR cells. Gen Physiol Biophys 2002;21:103-9.
50. Feng C, Zhang M, Zhang S, Zhang J, Li C, Zhou J. Therapeutic effects of pentoxifylline on invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunosuppressed mice. BMC Pulm Med 2021;21:31.
51. Gude RP, Binda MM, Presas HL, Klein-Szanto AJ, Bonfil RD. Studies on the mechanisms responsible for inhibition of experimental metastasis of B16-F10 murine melanoma by pentoxifylline. J Biomed Sci 1999;6:133-41.
52. Kamran MZ, Gude RP. Pentoxifylline inhibits melanoma tumor growth and angiogenesis by targeting STAT3 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2013;67:399-405.
53. Park KR, Yun HM, Hong JT. G721-0282 inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma through down-regulation of the STAT3 pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2020;16:330-41.
54. Lee DH, Kim KC, Hwang CJ, et al. Decreased lung tumor development in SwAPP mice through the downregulation of CHI3L1 and STAT 3 activity via the upregulation of miRNA342-3p. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2019;16:63-72.
55. Singh SK, Bhardwaj R, Wilczynska KM, Dumur CI, Kordula T. A complex of nuclear factor I-X3 and STAT3 regulates astrocyte and glioma migration through the secreted glycoprotein YKL-40. J Biol Chem 2011;286:39893-903.
56. Yan C, Ding X, Wu L, Yu M, Qu P, Du H. Stat3 downstream gene product chitinase 3-like 1 is a potential biomarker of inflammation-induced lung cancer in multiple mouse lung tumor models and humans. PLoS One 2013;8:e61984.
57. Castellanos-Esparza YC, Wu S, Huang L, et al. Synergistic promoting effects of pentoxifylline and simvastatin on the apoptosis of triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2018;52:1246-54.
58. Yeo IJ, Lee CK, Han SB, Yun J, Hong JT. Roles of chitinase 3-like 1 in the development of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2019;203:107394.
59. Chiang YC, Lin HW, Chang CF, et al. Overexpression of CHI3L1 is associated with chemoresistance and poor outcome of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015;6:39740-55.
60. Gong M, Li Y, Ye X, et al. Loss-of-function mutations in KEAP1 drive lung cancer progression via KEAP1/NRF2 pathway activation. Cell Commun Signal 2020;18:98.
61. Adinolfi S, Patinen T, Jawahar Deen A, et al. The KEAP1-NRF2 pathway: targets for therapy and role in cancer. Redox Biol 2023;63:102726.
62. Telkoparan-Akillilar P, Panieri E, Cevik D, Suzen S, Saso L. Therapeutic targeting of the NRF2 signaling pathway in cancer. Molecules 2021;26:1417.
