REFERENCES

1. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: globocan estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2021;71:209-49.

2. Johnson DE, Burtness B, Leemans CR, et al. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020;6:92.

3. Shield KD, Ferlay J, Jemal A, et al. The global incidence of lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancers by subsite in 2012. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:51-64.

4. Devaraja K, Aggarwal S, Verma SS, Gupta SC. Clinico-pathological peculiarities of human papilloma virus driven head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a comprehensive update. Life Sci 2020;245:117383.

5. Burtness B, Harrington KJ, Greil R, et al. Pembrolizumab alone or with chemotherapy versus cetuximab with chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-048): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet 2019;394:1915-28.

6. Cramer JD, Burtness B, Le QT, Ferris RL. The changing therapeutic landscape of head and neck cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019;16:669-83.

7. Chow LQM. Head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med 2020;382:60-72.

8. Baumann M, Krause M, Hill R. Exploring the role of cancer stem cells in radioresistance. Nat Rev Cancer 2008;8:545-54.

9. Yu Z, Pestell TG, Lisanti MP, Pestell RG. Cancer stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012;44:2144-51.

10. Biddle A, Liang X, Gammon L, et al. Cancer stem cells in squamous cell carcinoma switch between two distinct phenotypes that are preferentially migratory or proliferative. Cancer Res 2011;71:5317-26.

11. Lee SY, Jeong EK, Ju MK, et al. Induction of metastasis, cancer stem cell phenotype, and oncogenic metabolism in cancer cells by ionizing radiation. Mol Cancer 2017;16:10.

12. Koukourakis MI, Giatromanolaki A, Tsakmaki V, et al. Cancer stem cell phenotype relates to radio-chemotherapy outcome in locally advanced squamous cell head-neck cancer. Br J Cancer 2012;106:846-53.

13. Fukumoto C, Uchida D, Kawamata H. Diversity of the origin of cancer stem cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical implications. Cancers 2022;14:3588.

14. Rodini CO, Lopes NM, Lara VS, Mackenzie IC. Oral cancer stem cells - properties and consequences. J Appl Oral Sci 2017;25:708-15.

15. Nimmakayala RK, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Unraveling the journey of cancer stem cells from origin to metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019;1871:50-63.

16. White AC, Lowry WE. Refining the role for adult stem cells as cancer cells of origin. Trends Cell Biol 2015;25:11-20.

17. Rich JN. Cancer stem cells: understanding tumor hierarchy and heterogeneity. Medicine 2016;95(1 Suppl 1):S2-S7.

18. Raghav PK, Mann Z. Cancer stem cells targets and combined therapies to prevent cancer recurrence. Life Sci 2021;277:119465.

19. Prince ME, Sivanandan R, Kaczorowski A, et al. Identification of a subpopulation of cells with cancer stem cell properties in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104:973-8.

20. Jakob M, Sharaf K, Schirmer M, et al. Role of cancer stem cell markers ALDH1, BCL11B, BMI-1, and CD44 in the prognosis of advanced HNSCC. Strahlenther Onkol 2021;197:231-45.

21. Albers AE, Chen C, Köberle B, et al. Stem cells in squamous head and neck cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012;81:224-40.

22. Dong Y, Ochsenreither S, Cai C, et al. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 isoenzyme expression as a marker of cancer stem cells correlates to histopathological features in head and neck cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017;12:e0187615.

23. Gemenetzidis E, Gammon L, Biddle A, et al. Invasive oral cancer stem cells display resistance to ionising radiation. Oncotarget 2015;6:43964-77.

24. Li M, Chen H, Wu T. LIN28: a cancer stem cell promoter for immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2019;98:92-5.

25. Kim WT, Ryu CJ. Cancer stem cell surface markers on normal stem cells. BMB Rep 2017;50:285-98.

26. Pattabiraman DR, Weinberg RA. Tackling the cancer stem cells - what challenges do they pose? Nat Rev Drug Discov 2014;13:497-512.

27. De Angelis ML, Zeuner A, Policicchio E, et al. Cancer stem cell-based models of colorectal cancer reveal molecular determinants of therapy resistance. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016;5:511-23.

28. Engelmann L, Thierauf J, Koerich Laureano N, et al. Organotypic co-cultures as a novel 3D model for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancers 2020;12:2330.

29. Miserocchi G, Cocchi C, De Vita A, et al. Three-dimensional collagen-based scaffold model to study the microenvironment and drug-resistance mechanisms of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer Biol Med 2021;18:502-16.

30. Heft Neal ME, Brenner JC, Prince MEP, et al. Advancement in cancer stem cell biology and precision medicine-review article head and neck cancer stem cell plasticity and the tumor microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022;9:660210.

31. Rodrigues MFSD, Xavier FCA, Andrade NP, et al. Prognostic implications of CD44, NANOG, OCT4, and BMI1 expression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2018;40:1759-73.

32. Ma Z, Zhang C, Liu X, et al. Characterisation of a subpopulation of CD133+ cancer stem cells from Chinese patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020;10:8875.

33. Fan Z, Li M, Chen X, et al. Prognostic value of cancer stem cell markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017;7:43008.

34. Esquela-Kerscher A, Slack FJ. Oncomirs - microRNAs with a role in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2006;6:259-69.

35. Hsieh PL, Liao YW, Pichler M, Yu CC. MicroRNAs as theranostics targets in oral carcinoma stem cells. Cancers 2020;12:340.

36. Chien CS, Wang ML, Chu PY, et al. Lin28B/Let-7 regulates expression of Oct4 and Sox2 and reprograms oral squamous cell carcinoma cells to a stem-like state. Cancer Res 2015;75:2553-65.

37. Peng CY, Wang TY, Lee SS, et al. Let-7c restores radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity and impairs stemness in oral cancer cells through inhibiting interleukin-8. J Oral Pathol Med 2018;47:590-7.

38. Chang CJ, Hsu CC, Chang CH, et al. Let-7d functions as novel regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and chemoresistant property in oral cancer. Oncol Rep 2011;26:1003-10.

39. Chang YC, Jan CI, Peng CY, Lai YC, Hu FW, Yu CC. Activation of microRNA-494-targeting Bmi1 and ADAM10 by silibinin ablates cancer stemness and predicts favourable prognostic value in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Oncotarget 2015;6:24002-16.

40. Weng JH, Yu CC, Lee YC, Lin CW, Chang WW, Kuo YL. miR-494-3p Induces cellular senescence and enhances radiosensitivity in human oral squamous carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016;17:1092.

41. Bisht S, Nigam M, Kunjwal SS, Sergey P, Mishra AP, Sharifi-Rad J. Cancer stem cells: from an insight into the basics to recent advances and therapeutic targeting. Stem Cells Int 2022;2022:9653244.

42. Steinbichler TB, Dudás J, Skvortsov S, Ganswindt U, Riechelmann H, Skvortsova II. Therapy resistance mediated by cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2018;53:156-67.

43. Maccalli C, Rasul KI, Elawad M, Ferrone S. The role of cancer stem cells in the modulation of anti-tumor immune responses. Semin Cancer Biol 2018;53:189-200.

44. Fu KK, Pajak TF, Trotti A, et al. A Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) phase III randomized study to compare hyperfractionation and two variants of accelerated fractionation to standard fractionation radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: first report of RTOG 9003. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000;48:7-16.

45. Maier P, Hartmann L, Wenz F, Herskind C. Cellular pathways in response to ionizing radiation and their targetability for tumor radiosensitization. Int J Mol Sci 2016;17:102.

46. Pajonk F, Vlashi E, McBride WH. Radiation resistance of cancer stem cells: the 4 R’s of radiobiology revisited. Stem Cells 2010;28:639-48.

47. Chatterjee N, Walker GC. Mechanisms of DNA damage, repair, and mutagenesis. Environ Mol Mutagen 2017;58:235-63.

48. De Crevoisier R, Domenge C, Wibault P, et al. Full dose reirradiation combined with chemotherapy after salvage surgery in head and neck carcinoma. Cancer 2001;91:2071-6.

49. Wolmarans E, Boy SC, Nel S, Mercier AE, Pepper MS. Cancer stem cells in head and neck carcinomas: identification and possible therapeutic implications. Adv Exp Med Biol 2018;1083:89-102.

50. Ventelä S, Sittig E, Mannermaa L, et al. CIP2A is an Oct4 target gene involved in head and neck squamous cell cancer oncogenicity and radioresistance. Oncotarget 2015;6:144-58.

51. Abad E, Graifer D, Lyakhovich A. DNA damage response and resistance of cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2020;474:106-17.

52. Bertrand G, Maalouf M, Boivin A, et al. Targeting head and neck cancer stem cells to overcome resistance to photon and carbon ion radiation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014;10:114-26.

53. Ghisolfi L, Keates AC, Hu X, Lee DK, Li CJ. Ionizing radiation induces stemness in cancer cells. PLoS One 2012;7:e43628.

54. Olivares-Urbano MA, Griñán-Lisón C, Marchal JA, Núñez MI. CSC radioresistance: a therapeutic challenge to improve radiotherapy effectiveness in cancer. Cells 2020;9:1651.

55. Fukui R, Saga R, Matsuya Y, et al. Tumor radioresistance caused by radiation-induced changes of stem-like cell content and sub-lethal damage repair capability. Sci Rep 2022;12:1056.

56. Krause M, Dubrovska A, Linge A, Baumann M. Cancer stem cells: radioresistance, prediction of radiotherapy outcome and specific targets for combined treatments. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017;109:63-73.

57. van Harten AM, Buijze M, van der Mast R, et al. Targeting the cell cycle in head and neck cancer by Chk1 inhibition: a novel concept of bimodal cell death. Oncogene ;8:38.

58. Pfeffer CM, Singh ATK. Apoptosis: a target for anticancer therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018;19:448.

59. Wang YH, Scadden DT. Harnessing the apoptotic programs in cancer stem-like cells. EMBO Rep 2015;16:1084-98.

60. Xiao R, An Y, Ye W, et al. Dual antagonist of cIAP/XIAP ASTX660 sensitizes HPV- and HPV+ head and neck cancers to TNFα, TRAIL, and radiation therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2019;25:6463-74.

61. Um HD. Bcl-2 family proteins as regulators of cancer cell invasion and metastasis: a review focusing on mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species. Oncotarget 2016;7:5193-203.

62. Guy JB, Espenel S, Louati S, et al. Combining radiation to EGFR and Bcl-2 blockade: a new approach to target cancer stem cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021;147:1905-16.

63. Mortensen LS, Johansen J, Kallehauge J, et al. FAZA PET/CT hypoxia imaging in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with radiotherapy: results from the DAHANCA 24 trial. Radiother Oncol 2012;105:14-20.

64. Nordsmark M, Bentzen SM, Rudat V, et al. Prognostic value of tumor oxygenation in 397 head and neck tumors after primary radiation therapy. An international multi-center study. Radiother Oncol 2005;77:18-24.

65. Marie-Egyptienne DT, Lohse I, Hill RP. Cancer stem cells, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and radioresistance: potential role of hypoxia. Cancer Lett 2013;341:63-72.

66. Wozny AS, Lauret A, Battiston-Montagne P, et al. Differential pattern of HIF-1α expression in HNSCC cancer stem cells after carbon ion or photon irradiation: one molecular explanation of the oxygen effect. Br J Cancer 2017;116:1340-9.

67. Wiechec E, Matic N, Ali A, Roberg K. Hypoxia induces radioresistance, epithelial‑mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell-like phenotype and changes in genes possessing multiple biological functions in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2022;47:58.

68. Linge A, Löck S, Gudziol V, et al. Low cancer stem cell marker expression and low hypoxia identify good prognosis subgroups in HPV- HNSCC after postoperative radiochemotherapy: a multicenter study of the DKTK-ROG. Clin Cancer Res 2016;22:2639-49.

69. Overgaard J. Hypoxic modification of radiotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiother Oncol 2011;100:22-32.

70. Diehn M, Cho RW, Lobo NA, et al. Association of reactive oxygen species levels and radioresistance in cancer stem cells. Nature 2009;458:780-3.

71. Liou GY, Storz P. Reactive oxygen species in cancer. Free Radic Res 2010;44:479-96.

72. Chang CW, Chen YS, Chou SH, et al. Distinct subpopulations of head and neck cancer cells with different levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species exhibit diverse stemness, proliferation, and chemosensitivity. Cancer Res 2014;74:6291-305.

73. Li YL, Chang JT, Lee LY, et al. GDF15 contributes to radioresistance and cancer stemness of head and neck cancer by regulating cellular reactive oxygen species via a SMAD-associated signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017;8:1508-28.

74. Boivin A, Hanot M, Malesys C, et al. Transient alteration of cellular redox buffering before irradiation triggers apoptosis in head and neck carcinoma stem and non-stem cells. PLoS One 2011;6:e14558.

75. Reid P, Wilson P, Li Y, et al. In vitro investigation of head and neck cancer stem cell proportions and their changes following X-ray irradiation as a function of HPV status. PLoS One 2017;12:e0186186.

76. Wang H, Wang B, Wei J, et al. Molecular mechanisms underlying increased radiosensitivity in human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 2020;16:1035-43.

77. Rieckmann T, Tribius S, Grob TJ, et al. HNSCC cell lines positive for HPV and p16 possess higher cellular radiosensitivity due to an impaired DSB repair capacity. Radiother Oncol 2013;107:242-6.

78. Spiotto MT, Taniguchi CM, Klopp AH, et al. Biology of the radio- and chemo-responsiveness in HPV malignancies. Semin Radiat Oncol 2021;31:274-85.

79. Reid P, Staudacher AH, Marcu LG, et al. Intrinsic radiosensitivity is not the determining factor in treatment response differences between HPV negative and HPV positive head and neck cancers. Cells 2020;9:1788.

80. Vlashi E, Chen AM, Boyrie S, et al. Radiation-induced dedifferentiation of head and neck cancer cells into cancer stem cells depends on human papillomavirus status. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016;94:1198-206.

81. Kimple RJ, Smith MA, Blitzer GC, et al. Enhanced radiation sensitivity in HPV-positive head and neck cancer. Cancer Res 2013;73:4791-800.

82. Routila J, Qiao X, Weltner J, et al. Cisplatin overcomes radiotherapy resistance in OCT4-expressing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2022;127:105772.

83. Riechelmann H, Dejaco D, Steinbichler TB, et al. Functional outcomes in head and neck cancer patients. Cancers 2022;14:2135.

84. Vermorken JB, Remenar E, van Herpen C, et al. Cisplatin, fluorouracil, and docetaxel in unresectable head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med 2007;357:1695-704.

85. Posner MR, Hershock DM, Blajman CR, et al. Cisplatin and fluorouracil alone or with docetaxel in head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med 2007;357:1705-15.

86. Hitt R, López-Pousa A, Martínez-Trufero J, et al. Phase III study comparing cisplatin plus fluorouracil to paclitaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:8636-45.

87. Nussbaumer S, Bonnabry P, Veuthey JL, Fleury-Souverain S. Analysis of anticancer drugs: a review. Talanta 2011;85:2265-89.

88. Marchi E, O'Connor OA. Safety and efficacy of pralatrexate in the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Ther Adv Hematol 2012;3:227-35.

89. Hasan S, Taha R, Omri HE. Current opinions on chemoresistance: an overview. Bioinformation 2018;14:80-5.

90. Cohen N, Fedewa S, Chen AY. Epidemiology and demographics of the head and neck cancer population. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2018;30:381-95.

91. Bukowski K, Kciuk M, Kontek R. Mechanisms of multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21:3233.

92. Holohan C, Van Schaeybroeck S, Longley DB, Johnston PG. Cancer drug resistance: an evolving paradigm. Nat Rev Cancer 2013;13:714-26.

93. Cree IA, Charlton P. Molecular chess? BMC Cancer 2017;17:10.

94. Madden EC, Gorman AM, Logue SE, Samali A. Tumour cell secretome in chemoresistance and tumour recurrence. Trends Cancer 2020;6:489-505.

95. Chern YJ, Tai IT. Adaptive response of resistant cancer cells to chemotherapy. Cancer Biol Med 2020;17:842-63.

96. Lima de Oliveira J, Moré Milan T, Longo Bighetti-Trevisan R, et al. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells: a route to acquired cisplatin resistance through epigenetics in HNSCC. Oral Dis 2022:Online ahead of print.

97. Cui Y, Zhao M, Yang Y, et al. Reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inhibition of tumor stemness of breast cancer cells through advanced combined chemotherapy. Acta Biomater 2022;152:380-92.

98. Cho YH, Ro EJ, Yoon JS, et al. 5-FU promotes stemness of colorectal cancer via p53-mediated WNT/β-catenin pathway activation. Nat Commun 2020;11:5321.

99. Najafi M, Mortezaee K, Majidpoor J. Cancer stem cell (CSC) resistance drivers. Life Sci 2019;234:116781.

100. Barbato L, Bocchetti M, Di Biase A, Regad T. Cancer stem cells and targeting strategies. Cells 2019;8:926.

101. Bao S, Wu Q, McLendon RE, et al. Glioma stem cells promote radioresistance by preferential activation of the DNA damage response. Nature 2006;444:756-60.

102. Zhou K, Nguyen R, Qiao L, George J. Single cell RNA-seq analysis identifies a noncoding RNA mediating resistance to sorafenib treatment in HCC. Mol Cancer 2022;21:6.

103. Reya T, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF, Weissman IL. Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells. Nature 2001;414:105-11.

104. Nguyen LV, Vanner R, Dirks P, Eaves CJ. Cancer stem cells: an evolving concept. Nat Rev Cancer 2012;12:133-43.

105. Sun D, Xie XP, Zhang X, et al. Stem-like cells drive NF1-associated MPNST functional heterogeneity and tumor progression. Cell Stem Cell 2021;28:1397-410.e4.

106. Turashvili G, Brogi E. Tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer. Front Med 2017;4:227.

107. Spencer SL, Gaudet S, Albeck JG, Burke JM, Sorger PK. Non-genetic origins of cell-to-cell variability in TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Nature 2009;459:428-32.

108. Schröck A, Bode M, Göke FJ, et al. Expression and role of the embryonic protein SOX2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2014;35:1636-42.

109. Lee SH, Oh SY, Do SI, et al. SOX2 regulates self-renewal and tumorigenicity of stem-like cells of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2014;111:2122-30.

110. Xie SL, Fan S, Zhang SY, et al. SOX8 regulates cancer stem-like properties and cisplatin-induced EMT in tongue squamous cell carcinoma by acting on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Int J Cancer 2018;142:1252-65.

111. Nör C, Zhang Z, Warner KA, et al. Cisplatin induces Bmi-1 and enhances the stem cell fraction in head and neck cancer. Neoplasia 2014;16:137-46.

112. Chen D, Wu M, Li Y, et al. Targeting BMI1+ cancer stem cells overcomes chemoresistance and inhibits metastases in squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Stem Cell 2017;20:621-34.e6.

113. Kulsum S, Sudheendra HV, Pandian R, et al. Cancer stem cell mediated acquired chemoresistance in head and neck cancer can be abrogated by aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A1 inhibition. Mol Carcinog 2017;56:694-711.

114. Bourguignon LY, Wong G, Shiina M. Up-regulation of histone methyltransferase, DOT1L, by matrix hyaluronan promotes microRNA-10 expression leading to tumor cell invasion and chemoresistance in cancer stem cells from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Biol Chem 2016;291:10571-85.

115. McDermott SC, Rodriguez-Ramirez C, McDermott SP, Wicha MS, Nör JE. FGFR signaling regulates resistance of head and neck cancer stem cells to cisplatin. Oncotarget 2018;9:25148-65.

116. Silva Galbiatti-Dias AL, Fernandes GMM, Castanhole-Nunes MMU, et al. Relationship between CD44high/CD133high/CD117high cancer stem cells phenotype and Cetuximab and Paclitaxel treatment response in head and neck cancer cell lines. Am J Cancer Res 2018;8:1633-41.

117. Elkashty OA, Abu Elghanam G, Su X, Liu Y, Chauvin PJ, Tran SD. Cancer stem cells enrichment with surface markers CD271 and CD44 in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Carcinogenesis 2020;41:458-66.

118. Oh SY, Kang HJ, Kim YS, Kim H, Lim YC. CD44-negative cells in head and neck squamous carcinoma also have stem-cell like traits. Eur J Cancer 2013;49:272-80.

119. Yu CC, Hu FW, Yu CH, Chou MY. Targeting CD133 in the enhancement of chemosensitivity in oral squamous cell carcinoma-derived side population cancer stem cells. Head Neck 2016;38:Suppl 1:E231-E238.

120. Moon JH, Lee SH, Koo BS, et al. Slug is a novel molecular target for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma stem-like cells. Oral Oncol 2020;111:104948.

121. Reers S, Pfannerstill AC, Maushagen R, Pries R, Wollenberg B. Stem cell profiling in head and neck cancer reveals an Oct-4 expressing subpopulation with properties of chemoresistance. Oral Oncol 2014;50:155-62.

122. Koo BS, Lee SH, Kim JM, et al. Oct4 is a critical regulator of stemness in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. Oncogene 2015;34:2317-24.

123. Dhawan A, Madani Tonekaboni SA, Taube JH, et al. Mathematical modelling of phenotypic plasticity and conversion to a stem-cell state under hypoxia. Sci Rep 2016;6:18074.

124. Jeong H, Kim S, Hong BJ, et al. Tumor-associated macrophages enhance tumor hypoxia and aerobic glycolysis. Cancer Res 2019;79:795-806.

125. Masui T, Ota I, Yook JI, et al. Snail-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition promotes cancer stem cell-like phenotype in head and neck cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2014;44:693-9.

126. Ota I, Masui T, Kurihara M, et al. Snail-induced EMT promotes cancer stem cell-like properties in head and neck cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016;35:261-6.

127. Silva-Diz V, Lorenzo-Sanz L, Bernat-Peguera A, Lopez-Cerda M, Muñoz P. Cancer cell plasticity: impact on tumor progression and therapy response. Semin Cancer Biol 2018;53:48-58.

128. Sahoo S, Ashraf B, Duddu AS, Biddle A, Jolly MK. Interconnected high-dimensional landscapes of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and stemness in cancer. Clin Exp Metastas 2022;39:279-90.

129. Sistigu A, Di Modugno F, Manic G, Nisticò P. Deciphering the loop of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, inflammatory cytokines and cancer immunoediting. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017;36:67-77.

130. Lu M, Jolly MK, Levine H, Onuchic JN, Ben-Jacob E. MicroRNA-based regulation of epithelial-hybrid-mesenchymal fate determination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2013;110:18144-9.

131. Pastushenko I, Brisebarre A, Sifrim A, et al. Identification of the tumour transition states occurring during EMT. Nature 2018;556:463-8.

132. Tan TZ, Miow QH, Miki Y, et al. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition spectrum quantification and its efficacy in deciphering survival and drug responses of cancer patients. EMBO Mol Med 2014;6:1279-93.

133. Aponte PM, Caicedo A. Stemness in cancer: stem cells, cancer stem cells, and their microenvironment. Stem Cells Int 2017;2017:5619472.

134. Graziani V, Rodriguez-Hernandez I, Maiques O, Sanz-Moreno V. The amoeboid state as part of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition programme. Trends Cell Biol 2022;32:228-42.

135. Garcia-Mayea Y, Mir C, Muñoz L, et al. Autophagy inhibition as a promising therapeutic target for laryngeal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2019;40:1525-34.

136. Garcia-Mayea Y, Mir C, Carballo L, et al. TSPAN1: a novel protein involved in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma chemoresistance. Cancers 2020;12:3269.

137. Das SK, Maji S, Wechman SL, et al. MDA-9/Syntenin (SDCBP): novel gene and therapeutic target for cancer metastasis. Pharmacol Res 2020;155:104695.

138. Mir C, Garcia-Mayea Y, Garcia L, et al. SDCBP modulates stemness and chemoresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through src activation. Cancers 2021;13:4952.

139. Lee SH, Koo BS, Kim JM, et al. Wnt/β-catenin signalling maintains self-renewal and tumourigenicity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma stem-like cells by activating Oct4. J Pathol 2014;234:99-107.

140. Byun JY, Huang K, Lee JS, et al. Targeting HIF-1α/NOTCH1 pathway eliminates CD44+ cancer stem-like cell phenotypes, malignancy, and resistance to therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2022;41:1352-63.

141. Marles H, Biddle A. Cancer stem cell plasticity and its implications in the development of new clinical approaches for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2022;204:115212.

Cancer Drug Resistance
ISSN 2578-532X (Online)

Portico

All published articles will preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/

Portico

All published articles will preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/