REFERENCES

1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:7-30.

2. Housman G, Byler S, Heerboth S, Lapinska K, Longacre M, et al. Drug resistance in cancer: an overview. Cancers (Basel) 2014;6:1769-92.

3. Jo Y, Choi N, Kim K, Koo HJ, Choi J, et al. Chemoresistance of cancer cells: requirements of tumor microenvironment-mimicking in vitro models in anti-cancer drug development. Theranostics 2018;8:5259-75.

4. O’Connor JP, Rose CJ, Waterton JC, Carano RA, Parker GJ, et al. Imaging intratumor heterogeneity: role in therapy response, resistance, and clinical outcome. Clin Cancer Res 2015;21:249-57.

5. Stock K, Estrada MF, Vidic S, Gjerde K, Rudisch A, et al. Capturing tumor complexity in vitro: comparative analysis of 2D and 3D tumor models for drug discovery. Sci Rep 2016;6:28951.

6. Moreno L, Pearson AD. How can attrition rates be reduced in cancer drug discovery? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013;8:363-8.

7. Carragher N, Piccinini F, Tesei A, Trask OJ Jr, Bickle M, et al. Concerns, challenges and promises of high-content analysis of 3D cellular models. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018;17:606.

8. Nunes AS, Barros AS, Costa EC, Moreira AF, Correia IJ. 3D tumor spheroids as in vitro models to mimic in vivo human solid tumors resistance to therapeutic drugs. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019;116:206-26.

9. Ferreira LP, Gaspar VM, Mano JF. Design of spherically structured 3D in vitro tumor models - advances and prospects. Acta Biomater 2018;75:11-34.

10. Sutherland RM. Cell and environment interactions in tumor microregions: the multicell spheroid model. Science 1988;240:177-84.

11. Nath S, Devi GR. Three-dimensional culture systems in cancer research: focus on tumor spheroid model. Pharmacol Ther 2016;163:94-108.

12. Grimes DR, Kelly C, Bloch K, Partridge M. A method for estimating the oxygen consumption rate in multicellular tumor spheroids. J R Soc Interface 2014;11:20131124.

13. Groebe K, Mueller-Klieser W. On the relation between size of necrosis a diameter of tumor spheroids. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996;34:395-401.

14. Friedrich J, Seidel C, Ebner R, Kunz-Schughart LA. Spheroid-based drug screen: considerations and practical approach. Nat Protoc 2009;4:309-24.

15. Höckel M, Vaupel P. Biological consequences of tumor hypoxia. Semin Oncol 2001;28:36-41.

16. Minchinton AI, Tannock IF. Drug penetration in solid tumours. Nat Rev Cancer 2006;6:583-92.

17. Rodrigues T, Kundu B, Silva-Correia J, Kundu SC, Oliveira JM, et al. Emerging tumor spheroids technologies for 3D in vitro cancer modeling. Pharmacol Ther 2018;184:201-11.

18. Achilli TM, McCalla S, Meyer J, Tripathi A, Morgan JR. Multilayer spheroids to quantify drug uptake and diffusion in 3D. Mol Pharm 2014;11:2071-81.

19. Lazzari G, Nicolas V, Matsusaki M, Akashi M, Couvreur P, et al. Multicellular spheroid based on a triple co-culture: a novel 3D model to mimic pancreatic tumor complexity. Acta Biomater 2018;78:296-307.

20. Benton G, Arnaoutova I, George J, Kleinman HK, Koblinski J. Matrigel: from discovery and ECM mimicry to assays and models for cancer research. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014;79-80:3-18.

21. Mittler F, Obeïd P, Rulina AV, Haguet V, Gidrol X, et al. High-content monitoring of drug effects in a 3D spheroid model. Front Oncol 2017;7:293.

22. Hamilton G, Rath B. Applicability of tumor spheroids for in vitro chemosensitivity assays. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019;15:15-23.

23. Zanoni M, Pignatta S, Arienti C, Bonafè M, Tesei A. Anticancer drug discovery using multicellular tumor spheroid models. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019;14:289-301.

24. Lheureux S, Gourley C, Vergote I, Oza AM. Epithelial ovarian cancer. Lancet 2019;393:1240-53.

25. Shield K, Ackland ML, Ahmed N, Rice GE. Multicellular spheroids in ovarian cancer metastases: biology and pathology. Gynecol Oncol 2009;113:143-8.

26. Al Habyan S, Kalos C, Szymborski J, McCaffrey L. Multicellular detachment generates metastatic spheroids during intra-abdominal dissemination in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncogene 2018;37:5127-35.

27. Casey RC, Burleson KM, Skubitz KM, Pambuccian SE, Oegema TR Jr, et al. Beta 1-integrins regulate the formation and adhesion of ovarian carcinoma multicellular spheroids. Am J Pathol 2001;159:2071-80.

28. Raghavan S, Mehta P, Ward MR, Bregenzer ME, Fleck EMA, et al. Personalized medicine-based approach to model patterns of chemoresistance and tumor recurrence using ovarian cancer stem cell spheroids. Clin Cancer Res 2017;23:6934-45.

29. Gouvinhas C, De Mello RA, Oliveira D, Castro-Lopes JM, Castelo-Branco P, et al. Lung cancer: a brief review of epidemiology and screening. Future Oncol 2018;14:567-75.

30. Mancini R, Giarnieri E, De Vitis C, Malanga D, Roscilli G, et al. Spheres derived from lung adenocarcinoma pleural effusions: molecular characterization and tumor engraftment. PLoS One 2011;6:e21320.

31. Meijer TG, Naipal K, Jager A, van Gent DC. Ex vivo tumor culture systems for functional drug testing and therapy response prediction. Future Sci OA 2017;3:FSO190.

32. Bielsa S, Salud A, Martínez M, Esquerda A, Martín A, et al. Prognostic significance of pleural fluid data in patients with malignant effusion. Eur J Intern Med 2008;19:334-9.

33. Endo H, Okami J, Okuyama H, Kumagai T, Uchida J, et al. Spheroid culture of primary lung cancer cells with neuregulin 1/HER3 pathway activation. J Thorac Oncol 2013;8:131-9.

34. Hamilton G, Rath B, Plangger A, Hochmair M. Implementation of functional precision medicine for anaplastic lymphoma kinase-arranged non-small cell lung cancer. Precis Cancer Med 2019; doi: 10.21037/pcm.2019.05.03.

35. Ruppen J, Cortes-Dericks L, Marconi E, Karoubi G, Schmid RA, et al. A microfluidic platform for chemoresistive testing of multicellular pleural cancer spheroids. Lab Chip 2014;14:1198-205.

36. Grimshaw MJ, Cooper L, Papazisis K, Coleman JA, Bohnenkamp HR, et al. Mammosphere culture of metastatic breast cancer cells enriches for tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2008;10:R52.

37. Jeanes A, Gottardi CJ, Yap AS. Cadherins and cancer: how does cadherin dysfunction promote tumor progression? Oncogene 2008;27:6920-9.

38. Aggarwal C, Wang X, Ranganathan A, Torigian D, Troxel A, et al. Circulating tumor cells as a predictive biomarker in patients with small cell lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Lung Cancer 2017;112:118-25.

39. Aceto N, Bardia A, Miyamoto DT, Donaldson MC, Wittner BS, et al. Circulating tumor cell clusters are oligoclonal precursors of breast cancer metastasis. Cell 2014;158:1110-22.

40. Hong Y, Fang F, Zhang Q. Circulating tumor cell clusters: What we know and what we expect (Review). Int J Oncol 2016;49:2206-16.

41. Hou JM, Krebs MG, Lancashire L, Sloane R, Backen A, et al. Clinical significance and molecular characteristics of circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor microemboli in patients with small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:525-32.

42. Gkountela S, Castro-Giner F, Szczerba BM, Vetter M, Landin J, et al. Circulating tumor cell clustering shapes DNA methylation to enable metastasis seeding. Cell 2019;176:98-112.e14.

43. Yu M. Metastasis stemming from circulating tumor cell clusters. Trends Cell Biol 2019;29:275-6.

44. Meng S, Tripathy D, Frenkel EP, Shete S, Naftalis EZ, et al. Circulating tumor cells in patients with breast cancer dormancy. Clin Cancer Res 2004;10:8152-62.

45. Liotta LA, Kleinerman J, Saidel GM. Quantitative relationships of intravascular tumor cells, tumor vessels, and pulmonary metastases following tumor implantation. Cancer Res 1974;34:997-1004.

46. Knisely WH, Mahaley MS Jr. Relationship between size and distribution of spontaneous metastases and three sizes of intravenously injected particles of VX2 carcinoma. Cancer Res 1958;18:900-5.

47. Peeters DJ, Brouwer A, Van den Eynden GG, Rutten A, Onstenk W, et al. Circulating tumour cells and lung microvascular tumour cell retention in patients with metastatic breast and cervical cancer. Cancer Lett 2015;356:872-9.

48. Liotta LA, Saidel MG, Kleinerman J. The significance of hematogenous tumor cell clumps in the metastatic process. Cancer Res 1976;36:889-94.

49. Hamilton G, Rath B. Circulating tumor cells in the parallel invasion model supporting early metastasis. Oncomedicine 2018;3:15-27.

50. Semenova EA, Nagel R, Berns A. Origins, genetic landscape, and emerging therapies of small cell lung cancer. Genes Dev 2015;29:1447-62.

51. Hamilton G, Rath B. Immunotherapy for small cell lung cancer: mechanisms of resistance. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019;19:423-32.

52. Koinis F, Kotsakis A, Georgoulias V. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC): no treatment advances in recent years. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2016;5:39-50.

53. Weiswald LB, Bellet D, Dangles-Marie V. Spherical cancer models in tumor biology. Neoplasia 2015;17:1-15.

54. Klameth L, Rath B, Hochmaier M, Moser D, Redl M, et al. Small cell lung cancer: model of circulating tumor cell tumorospheres in chemoresistance. Sci Rep 2017;7:5337.

55. Hamilton G, Hochmair M, Rath B, Klameth L, Zeillinger R. Small cell lung cancer: circulating tumor cells of extended stage patients express a mesenchymal-epithelial transition phenotype. Cell Adh Migr 2016;10:360-7.

56. Rath B, Klameth L, Plangger A, Hochmair M, Ulsperger E, et al. Expression of proteolytic enzymes by small cell lung cancer circulating tumor cell lines. Cancers (Basel) 2019;11:pii:E114.

57. Dorantes-Heredia R, Ruiz-Morales JM, Cano-García F. Histopathological transformation to small-cell lung carcinoma in non-small cell lung carcinoma tumors. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2016;5:401-12.

58. Roca E, Gurizzan C, Amoroso V, Vermi W, Ferrari V, et al. Outcome of patients with lung adenocarcinoma with transformation to small-cell lung cancer following tyrosine kinase inhibitors treatment: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Cancer Treat Rev 2017;59:117-22.

59. Ahn S, Hwang SH, Han J, Choi YL, Lee SH, et al. Transformation to small cell lung cancer of pulmonary adenocarcinoma: clinicopathologic analysis of six cases. J Pathol Transl Med 2016;50:258-63.

60. Abdallah N, Nagasaka M, Abdulfatah E, Shi D, Wozniak AJ, et al. Non-small cell to small cell lung cancer on PD-1 inhibitors: two cases on potential histologic transformation. Lung Cancer (Auckl) 2018;9:85-90.

61. Norkowski E, Ghigna MR, Lacroix L, Le Chevalier T, Fadel É, et al. Small-cell carcinoma in the setting of pulmonary adenocarcinoma: new insights in the era of molecular pathology. J Thorac Oncol 2013;8:1265-71.

62. Attili I, Karachaliou N, Conte P, Bonanno L, Rosell R. Therapeutic approaches for T790M mutation positive non-small-cell lung cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018;18:1021-30.

63. Sequist LV, Waltman BA, Dias-Santagata D, Digumarthy S, Turke AB, et al. Genotypic and histological evolution of lung cancers acquiring resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Sci Transl Med 2011;3:75ra26.

64. Yu HA, Arcila ME, Rekhtman N, Sima CS, Zakowski MF, et al. Analysis of tumor specimens at the time of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI therapy in 155 patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2013;19:2240-7.

65. Zakowski MF, Ladanyi M, Kris MG; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Lung Cancer OncoGenome Group. EGFR mutations in small-cell lung cancers in patients who have never smoked. N Engl J Med 2006;355:213-5.

66. van Riel S, Thunnissen E, Heideman D, Smit EF, Biesma B. A patient with simultaneously appearing adenocarcinoma and small-cell lung carcinoma harbouring an identical EGFR exon 19 mutation. Ann Oncol 2012;23:3188-9.

67. Watanabe S, Sone T, Matsui T, Yamamura K, Tani M, et al. Transformation to small-cell lung cancer following treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 2013;82:370-2.

68. Ferrer L, Giaj Levra M, Brevet M, Antoine M, Mazieres J, et al. A brief report of transformation from NSCLC to SCLC: molecular and therapeutic characteristics. J Thorac Oncol 2019;14:130-4.

69. Oser MG, Niederst MJ, Sequist LV, Engelman JA. Transformation from non-small-cell lung cancer to small-cell lung cancer: molecular drivers and cells of origin. Lancet Oncol 2015;16:e165-72.

70. Adelstein DJ, Tomashefski JF Jr, Snow NJ, Horrigan TP, Hines JD. Mixed small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. Chest 1986;89:699-704.

71. Mangum MD, Greco FA, Hainsworth JD, Hande KR, Johnson DH. Combined small-cell and non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 1989;7:607-12.

72. Shiao TH, Chang YL, Yu CJ, Chang YC, Hsu YC, et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in small cell lung cancer: a brief report. J Thorac Oncol 2011;6:195-8.

73. Yang H, Liu L, Zhou C, Xiong Y, Hu Y, et al. The clinicopathologic of pulmonary adenocarcinoma transformation to small cell lung cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019;98:e14893.

74. Zhang W, Bado I, Wang H, Lo HC, Zhang XH. Bone metastasis: find your niche and fit in. Trends Cancer 2019;5:95-110.

75. Endo H, Inoue M. Dormancy in cancer. Cancer Sci 2019;110:474-80.

76. Riffle S, Hegde RS. Modeling tumor cell adaptations to hypoxia in multicellular tumor spheroids. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2017;36:102.

77. Hamilton G, Moser D, Hochmair M. Metastasis: Circulating tumor cells in small cell lung cancer. Trends Cancer 2016;2:159-60.

78. Denes V, Lakk M, Makarovskiy A, Jakso P, Szappanos S, et al. Metastasis blood test by flow cytometry: in vivo cancer spheroids and the role of hypoxia. Int J Cancer 2015;136:1528-36.

79. Ishiguro T, Ohata H, Sato A, Yamawaki K, Enomoto T, et al. Tumor-derived spheroids: relevance to cancer stem cells and clinical applications. Cancer Sci 2017;108:283-9.

80. Jolly MK, Boareto M, Debeb BG, Aceto N, Farach-Carson MC, et al. Inflammatory breast cancer: a model for investigating cluster-based dissemination. NPJ Breast Cancer 2017;3:21.

81. Au SH, Storey BD, Moore JC, Tang Q, Chen YL, et al. Clusters of circulating tumor cells traverse capillary-sized vessels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016;113:4947-52.

82. Zheng X, Carstens JL, Kim J, Scheible M, Kaye J, et al. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is dispensable for metastasis but induces chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Nature 2015;527:525-30.

83. Lu W, Kang Y. Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer progression and metastasis. Dev Cell 2019;49:361-74.

84. Rath B, Klameth L, Plangger A, Hochmair M, Ulsperger E, et al. Expression of proteolytic enzymes by small cell lung cancer circulating tumor cell lines. Cancers (Basel) 2019;11:pii:E114.

85. Tellez-Gabriel M, Cochonneau D, Cadé M, Jubellin C, Heymann MF, et al. Circulating tumor cell-derived pre-clinical models for personalized medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2018;11:pii:E19.

Cancer Drug Resistance
ISSN 2578-532X (Online)

Portico

All published articles will preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/

Portico

All published articles will preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/