REFERENCES
1. Scott AM, Allison JP, Wolchok JD. Monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy. Cancer Immun 2012;12:14.
2. Coulson A, Levy A, Gossell-Williams M. Monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy: mechanisms, successes and limitations. West Indian Med J 2014;63:650-4.
3. Sgro C. Side-effects of a monoclonal antibody, muromonab CD3/orthoclone OKT3: bibliographic review. Toxicology 1995;105:23-9.
4. Cho A, Haruyama N, Kulkarni AB. Generation of transgenic mice. Curr Protoc Cell Biol 2009; doi: 10.1002/0471143030.cb1911s42.
5. Hammers CM, Stanley JR. Antibody phage display: technique and applications. J Invest Dermatol 2014;134:1-5.
7. Liu JK. The history of monoclonal antibody development - progress, remaining challenges and future innovations. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2014;3:113-6.
8. Scheen AJ. International classification of various types of monoclonal antibodies. Rev Med Liege 2009;64:244-7.
9. Goldenberg DM. Radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of metastatic cancer. Curr Oncol 2007;14:39-42.
10. Baldo BA. Adverse events to monoclonal antibodies used for cancer therapy: focus on hypersensitivity responses. Oncoimmunology 2013;2:e26333.
11. Sallman DA, Macklin E, Ali S, Michaelson J, Barnes JA, et al. Rituximab hypersensitivity reactions (HSR): predictors of recurrent and severe reactions based on severity of reaction, NHL histologic subtype, and burden of disease. J Clin Oncol 2012;30.
12. Weiss RB, Baker JR Jr. Hypersensitivity reactions from antineoplastic agents. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1987;6:413-32.
13. Nitta E, Izutsu K, Sato T, Ota Y, Takeuchi K, et al. A high incidence of late-onset neutropenia following rituximab-containing chemotherapy as a primary treatment of CD20-positive B-cell lymphoma: a single-institution study. Ann Oncol 2007;18:364-9.
14. Le Guenno G, Ruivard M, Charra L, Philippe P. Rituximab-induced serum sickness in refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Intern Med J 2011;41:202-5.
15. Isabwe GAC, Garcia Neuer M, de Las Vecillas Sanchez L, Lynch DM, Marquis K, et al. Hypersensitivity reactions to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies: phenotypes and endotypes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018;142:159-70.e2.
17. Lee NH. Pharmacogenetics of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters: effects on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2010;10:583-92.
18. Yan L, Beckman RA. Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics in oncology therapeutic antibody development. Biotechniques 2005;39:565-8.
19. Ingelman-Sundberg M, Rodriguez-Antona C. Pharmacogenetics of drug-metabolizing enzymes: implications for a safer and more effective drug therapy. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2005;360:1563-70.
20. Yong WP, Innocenti F, Ratain MJ. The role of pharmacogenetics in cancer therapeutics. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2006;62:35-46.
21. Ryman JT, Meibohm B. Pharmacokinetics of Monoclonal Antibodies. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2017;6:576-88.
22. Dirks NL, Meibohm B. Population pharmacokinetics of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Clin Pharmacokinet 2010;49:633-59.
23. Qiu WQ, de Bruin D, Brownstein BH, Pearse R, Ravetch JV. Organization of the human and mouse low-affinity Fc gamma R genes: duplication and recombination. Science 1990;248:732-5.
24. Ober RJ, Radu CG, Ghetie V, Ward ES. Differences in promiscuity for antibody-FcRn interactions across species: implications for therapeutic antibodies. Int Immunol 2001;13:1551-9.
25. Tabrizi MA, Tseng CM, Roskos LK. Elimination mechanisms of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Drug Discov Today 2006;11:81-8.
26. Inoue K, Yuasa H. Molecular basis for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014;29:12-9.
27. Yang F, Teves SS, Kemp CJ, Henikoff S. Doxorubicin, DNA torsion, and chromatin dynamics. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014;1845:84-9.
28. Korth-Bradley JM, Rubin AS, Hanna RK, Simcoe DK, Lebsack ME. The pharmacokinetics of etanercept in healthy volunteers. Ann Pharmacother 2000;34:161-4.
29. Baxter LT, Zhu H, Mackensen DG, Jain RK. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for specific and nonspecific monoclonal antibodies and fragments in normal tissues and human tumor xenografts in nude mice. Cancer Res 1994;54:1517-28.
30. Keizer RJ, Huitema AD, Schellens JH, Beijnen JH. Clinical pharmacokinetics of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Clin Pharmacokinet 2010;49:493-507.
31. Fellner C. Ipilimumab (yervoy) prolongs survival in advanced melanoma: serious side effects and a hefty price tag may limit its use. P T 2012;37:503-30.
32. Berdeja J, Jagannath S, Zonder J, Badros A, Kaufman JL, et al. Pharmacokinetics and safety of elotuzumab combined with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with multiple myeloma and various levels of renal impairment: results of a phase Ib study. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2016;16:129-38.
34. Kamath AV. Translational pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of monoclonal antibodies. Drug Discov Today Technol 2016;21-22:75-83.
35. Gessner JE, Heiken H, Tamm A, Schmidt RE. The IgG Fc receptor family. Ann Hematol 1998;76:231-48.
36. Musolino A, Naldi N, Bortesi B, Pezzuolo D, Capelletti M, et al. Immunoglobulin G fragment C receptor polymorphisms and clinical efficacy of trastuzumab-based therapy in patients with HER-2/neu-positive metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:1789-96.
37. Trotta AM, Ottaiano A, Romano C, Nasti G, Nappi A, et al. Prospective evaluation of cetuximab-mediated antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity in metastatic colorectal cancer patients predicts treatment efficacy. Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4:366-74.
38. Zhang W, Wang X, Li J, Duan MH, Zhou DB. Fcgamma receptor IIIA polymorphisms and efficacy of rituximab therapy on Chinese diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2010;123:198-202.
39. Sachs UJ, Socher I, Braeunlich CG, Kroll H, Bein G, et al. A variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism influences the transcriptional activity of the neonatal Fc receptor alpha-chain promoter. Immunology 2006;119:83-9.
40. Billiet T, Dreesen E, Cleynen I, Wollants WJ, Ferrante M, et al. A genetic variation in the neonatal Fc-receptor affects anti-TNF drug concentrations in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2016;111:1438-45.
41. Passot C, Azzopardi N, Renault S, Baroukh N, Arnoult C, et al. Influence of FCGRT gene polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics of therapeutic antibodies. MAbs 2013;5:614-9.
43. Tran B, Kopetz S, Tie J, Gibbs P, Jiang ZQ, et al. Impact of BRAF mutation and microsatellite instability on the pattern of metastatic spread and prognosis in metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer 2011;117:4623-32.
44. Pietrantonio F, Petrelli F, Coinu A, Di Bartolomeo M, Borgonovo K, et al. Predictive role of BRAF mutations in patients with advanced colorectal cancer receiving cetuximab and panitumumab: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2015;51:587-94.
45. Wan PT, Garnett MJ, Roe SM, Lee S, Niculescu-Duvaz D, et al. Mechanism of activation of the RAF-ERK signaling pathway by oncogenic mutations of B-RAF. Cell 2004;116:855-67.
46. Xu JM, Wang Y, Wang YL, Wang Y, Liu T, et al. PIK3CA mutations contribute to acquired cetuximab resistance in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017;23:4602-16.
47. Therkildsen C, Bergmann TK, Henrichsen-Schnack T, Ladelund S, Nilbert M. The predictive value of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA and PTEN for anti-EGFR treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Oncol 2014;53:852-64.
48. Song DD, Zhang Q, Li JH, Hao RM, Ma Y, et al. Single nucleotide polymorphisms rs701848 and rs2735343 in PTEN increases cancer risks in an Asian population. Oncotarget 2017;8:96290-300.
49. Holmes K, Roberts OL, Thomas AM, Cross MJ. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2: structure, function, intracellular signalling and therapeutic inhibition. Cell Signal 2007;19:2003-12.
50. Sever R, Brugge JS. Signal transduction in cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015;5:a006098.
51. Kieran MW, Kalluri R, Cho YJ. The VEGF pathway in cancer and disease: responses, resistance, and the path forward. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2012;2:a006593.
52. Meadows KL, Hurwitz HI. Anti-VEGF therapies in the clinic. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2012;2:a006577.
53. Schneider BP, Wang M, Radovich M, Sledge GW, Badve S, et al. Association of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 genetic polymorphisms with outcome in a trial of paclitaxel compared with paclitaxel plus bevacizumab in advanced breast cancer: ECOG 2100. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:4672-8.
54. Bocci G, Loupakis F. Bevacizumab pharmacogenetics in tumor treatment: still looking for the right pieces of the puzzle. Pharmacogenomics 2011;12:1077-80.
55. Cao C, Ying T, Fang JJ, Sun SF, Lv D, et al. Polymorphism of vascular endothelial growth factor -2578C/A with cancer risk: evidence from 11263 subjects. Med Oncol 2011;28:1169-75.
56. Wang K, Liu L, Zhu ZM, Shao JH, Xin L. Five polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis involving 16,703 individuals. Cytokine 2011;56:167-73.
57. Adjei AA. Blocking oncogenic Ras signaling for cancer therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93:1062-74.
58. Fiala O, Buchler T, Mohelnikova-Duchonova B, Melichar B, Matejka VM, et al. G12V and G12A KRAS mutations are associated with poor outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with bevacizumab. Tumour Biol 2016;37:6823-30.
59. Nakayama I, Shinozaki E, Matsushima T, Wakatsuki T, Ogura M, et al. Retrospective study of RAS/PIK3CA/BRAF tumor mutations as predictors of response to first-line chemotherapy with bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2017;17:38.
60. Renaud S, Schaeffer M, Falcoz PE, Seitlinger J, Romain B, et al. Perioperative bevacizumab improves survival following lung metastasectomy for colorectal cancer in patients harbouring v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue exon 2 codon 12 mutations. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2017;51:255-62.
61. Guerrero S, Casanova I, Farre L, Mazo A, Capella G, et al. K-ras codon 12 mutation induces higher level of resistance to apoptosis and predisposition to anchorage-independent growth than codon 13 mutation or proto-oncogene overexpression. Cancer Res 2000;60:6750-6.
62. Wang Y, Fei D, Vanderlaan M, Song A. Biological activity of bevacizumab, a humanized anti-VEGF antibody in vitro. Angiogenesis 2004;7:335-45.
63. Lamy A, Blanchard F, Le Pessot F, Sesboue R, Di Fiore F, et al. Metastatic colorectal cancer KRAS genotyping in routine practice: results and pitfalls. Mod Pathol 2011;24:1090-100.
64. Seidel JA, Otsuka A, Kabashima K. Anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapies in cancer: mechanisms of action, efficacy, and limitations. Front Oncol 2018;8:86.
65. Chambers CA, Kuhns MS, Egen JG, Allison JP. CTLA-4-mediated inhibition in regulation of T cell responses: mechanisms and manipulation in tumor immunotherapy. Annu Rev Immunol 2001;19:565-94.
66. Buchbinder EI, Desai A. CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways: similarities, differences, and implications of their inhibition. Am J Clin Oncol 2016;39:98-106.
67. Nomizo T, Ozasa H, Tsuji T, Funazo T, Yasuda Y, et al. Clinical impact of single nucleotide polymorphism in PD-L1 on response to nivolumab for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Sci Rep 2017;7:45124.
68. Tan D, Sheng L, Yi QH. Correlation of PD-1/PD-L1 polymorphisms and expressions with clinicopathologic features and prognosis of ovarian cancer. Cancer Biomark 2018;21:287-97.
69. Lee SY, Jung DK, Choi JE, Jin CC, Hong MJ, et al. Functional polymorphisms in PD-L1 gene are associated with the prognosis of patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Gene 2017;599:28-35.
70. Yeo MK, Choi SY, Seong IO, Suh KS, Kim JM, et al. Association of PD-L1 expression and PD-L1 gene polymorphism with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2017;68:103-11.
71. Wang W, Li F, Mao Y, Zhou H, Sun J, et al. A miR-570 binding site polymorphism in the B7-H1 gene is associated with the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. Hum Genet 2013;132:641-8.
72. Lee SY, Jung DK, Choi JE, Jin CC, Hong MJ, et al. PD-L1 polymorphism can predict clinical outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with first-line paclitaxel-cisplatin chemotherapy. Sci Rep 2016;6:25952.
73. Breunis WB, Tarazona-Santos E, Chen R, Kiley M, Rosenberg SA, et al. Influence of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) common polymorphisms on outcome in treatment of melanoma patients with CTLA-4 blockade. J Immunother 2008;31:586-90.
74. Queirolo P, Morabito A, Laurent S, Lastraioli S, Piccioli P, et al. Association of CTLA-4 polymorphisms with improved overall survival in melanoma patients treated with CTLA-4 blockade: a pilot study. Cancer Invest 2013;31:336-45.
75. Queirolo P, Dozin B, Morabito A, Banelli B, Piccioli P, et al. Association of CTLA-4 gene variants with response to therapy and long-term survival in metastatic melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab: an italian melanoma intergroup study. Front Immunol 2017;8:386.
76. Palacios R, Comas D, Elorza J, Villoslada P. Genomic regulation of CTLA4 and multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2008;203:108-15.
77. Queirolo P, Dozin B, Morabito A, Banelli B, Carosio R, et al. CTLA-4 gene variant -1661A>G may predict the onset of endocrine adverse events in metastatic melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab. Eur J Cancer 2018;97:59-61.
78. Kamps R, Brandao RD, Bosch BJ, Paulussen AD, Xanthoulea S, et al. Next-generation sequencing in oncology: genetic diagnosis, risk prediction and cancer classification. Int J Mol Sci 2017;18:E308.
