fig1

Figure 1. Overview of the MM cell interaction with its microenvironment and overview of MM drug targets. Red dashed arrows show targets. Bone-marrow stromal cells support growth and survival of MM cells via various cytokines. MM cells secrete dikkopf homolog 1 (DKK1) which inhibits the differentiation of osteoblastic precursors. Bone marrow stromal cells induce angiogenesis through secretion of VEGF. OPG produced by bone marrow stromal cells and osteblasts inhibits osteoclasts. BAFF-receptor: human B-cell-activating factor receptor; Cdk: cycline dependent kinase; DKK1: Dickkopf-1; HDACi: histone deacetylase inhibitor; HGF: hepatocyte growth factor; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-6R: IL-6 receptor; JAK: Janus kinase; IMiD: immunomodulatory imide drug; MTA: microtubules targeting agents; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; NF-κB: nuclear factor-κB; OPG: osteoprotegerin; PI: proteasome inhibitor; RANKL: receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand; STAT: signal transducer and activator of transcription; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; WNT: wingless pathway