fig6

A multimodal approach combining tool-pressure and EEG features for laparoscopic skill classification using machine learning

Figure 6. Representative confusion matrices for classification models using EEG features combined with tool-pressure asymmetry. (A-C) Results obtained using EEG-PSD features combined with asymmetry; and (D-F) results obtained using EEG-PLV features combined with asymmetry. Columns correspond to the three classifiers: ABC (A and D); GPC (B and E); and RFC (C and F). Each matrix shows predicted vs. actual group labels (Inexperienced vs. Surgeon). Each matrix shows predicted vs. actual group labels (Inexperienced vs. Surgeon), highlighting differences in model generalization across classifiers and feature sets. EEG: Electroencephalography; PSD: power spectral density; PLV: phase-locking value; ABC: AdaBoost classifier; GPC: Gaussian process classifier; RFC: random forest classifier.

Artificial Intelligence Surgery
ISSN 2771-0408 (Online)
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