fig3

Figure 3. Comparison of sensor-derived force metrics between Surg and inexperienced. (A) Asymmetry index (dimensionless); (B) R-L overlap duration (seconds); and (C) active force duration (seconds). Bars represent group means, and error bars indicate SD. Statistical comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. (*) indicate significant group differences (P < 0.05). Surg: Surgeons; R-L: right-left; SD: standard deviation.