fig2

Figure 2. (A) Schematic illustration of the conjugation procedure between the AbM-anti-apoB and ferrocene carboxylic N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (ferrocene-NHS). Reproduced from Ref.^[57]; (B) Preparation and detection principle of reagent-free anti-fouling electrochemical immunosensor. Reproduced from Ref.^[68] with permission from Copyright Clearance Center; (C) Schematic illustration for fabrication of electrochemical sensor on Ni/Fe-WS₂ modified SPCE and the detection of CRP based on gated electrochemical signal. Reproduced from Ref.^[69]; (D) Schematic of graphitic carbon electrode fabrication, surface modification and IL-6 capture. Reproduced from Ref.^[83]. NHS: N-hydroxysuccinimide; AbM: antibody monoclonal; BSA: bovine serum albumin; TCEP: tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine; EDC: 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride; CE: counter electrode; WE: working electrode; RE: reference electrode; SPCE: screen-printed carbon electrode; GO: graphene oxide; ErGO: electrochemically reduced graphene oxide; NH₂-VMSF: amino-functionalized vertically-ordered mesoporous silica film; GA: glutaraldehyde; 1-PBA: 1-pyrenebutyric acid; IL-6: interleukin-6; CRP: C-reactive protein; SM: surfactant micelle; GC: glassy carbon.