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From: Hepatocellular carcinoma tumor immune microenvironment: heterogeneity and therapeutic strategies
Figure 1. Comparative differences in immune microenvironment characteristics of HCC with different etiologies. Created in BioRender. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; CK19: cytokeratin 19; CSCs: cancer stem cells; VEGFA: vascular endothelial growth factor A; TAM: tumor-associated macrophage; MMP9: matrix metalloproteinase 9; CCR4: C-C chemokine receptor type 4; Treg: regulatory T cell; SPP1: secreted phosphoprotein 1; HLA-DR: human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype; MDSC: myeloid-derived suppressor cell; Arg: arginase; Foxp3: forkhead box P3; uPAR: urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor; MASH: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis; MASLD: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.
