fig3

Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and combination strategies to overcome it

Figure 3. Tumor cell-intrinsic factors involved in ICI resistance. Created with BioRender. H, T. (2025) https://BioRender.com/aezvlck. TF: Transcription factor; Ub: ubiquitination; Ace: acetylation; Lac: lactylation; Me: methylation; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TMB: tumor mutational burden; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; IDO1: indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1; PD-L1: programmed cell death ligand 1; B7-H3: CD276; lncRNA: long non-coding RNA.

Hepatoma Research
ISSN 2454-2520 (Online) 2394-5079 (Print)

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Portico

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