fig3

Figure 3. Integrated management framework and decision algorithm for HCC thermal ablation. This comprehensive chart delineates the four-phase clinical management pathway, aligning procedural stages (left) with corresponding decision-making algorithms (right). Software: Adobe Illustrator (version 27.0; Adobe Inc.). HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; MDT: multidisciplinary team; CEUS: contrast-enhanced ultrasound; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; PET/CT: positron emission tomography/computed tomography; TACE: transarterial chemoembolization; TARE: transarterial radioembolization; SBRT: stereotactic body radiation therapy.