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Figure 2. Cancer stem cell characteristics. The common characteristics of CSCs -such as self-renewal, expression of stem cell markers, multi-lineage differentiation, slow proliferation during quiescence, resistance to chemotherapy/radiation, and tumor-initiating ability - can be used for CSC identification. CSC: Cancer stem cell; CD: cluster of differentiation; MDR: multi-drug resistance; SOX: SRY-related HMG-box; KLF: Krüppel-like factor; oct-4: octamer-binding transcription factor 4.