Large-scale hydrogen storage-transportation equipment safety and accident chain interruption keys for petrochemical industry

As global energy demands escalate, hydrogen has gained increasing recognition as a viable alternative fuel and critical energy carrier for future industrial systems. This review examines unique safety challenges associated with industrial-scale hydrogen storage and transportation infrastructure within petroleum and chemical processing sectors. Systematic analysis of hydrogen storage and transportation equipment (HSTE) failure mechanisms reveals three primary risk dimensions: material degradation from hydrogen embrittlement, gas leakage in high-pressure configurations, and combustion/detonation hazards in complex industrial settings. A targeted accident prevention framework emerges through three synergistic strategies: 1) High-performance material engineering for pressure vessels and pipeline networks, 2) Smart monitoring architectures for leak detection in large-scale installations, and 3) Customized deflagration suppression systems for chemical plant applications. By synthesizing cutting-edge hydrogen safety technologies with industrial case analyses, the study proposes an integrated safety management paradigm combining material innovation, predictive monitoring, and explosion mitigation. These technical countermeasures address operational requirements of petrochemical enterprises in hydrogen infrastructure development while establishing comprehensive safety protocols for industrial hydrogen utilization. The insights offer implementable strategies for enabling secure, large-scale hydrogen deployment in energy-intensive petroleum refining and chemical production environments.