Toward low-carbon energy transitions: integrated optimization of solar panel output and safety using tracking and thermal management

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems encounter significant challenges such as low energy conversion efficiency, performance degradation caused by overheating, and operational risks from environmental factors like rainfall and dust. To address these problems, this study presents an innovative solar energy solution focused on enhancing panel efficiency and operational safety through mechanical and environmental integration. The system features a Mylar-based reflector to boost solar irradiance, an automated rain protection cover activated via sensors, a dual-axis solar tracking system for continuous sun alignment, and a temperature-based cooling system that activates above 35 °C. Implemented on a 20W Mono PERC panel, the system was tested under real conditions. Results showed a cumulative significance efficiency improvement compared to a conventional fixed panel. The reflector and tracking system contributed the most to output gains, while the rain cover and cooling system improved durability and thermal performance. The integrated system results in 50%–55% higher energy production compared to the conventional fixed panel. The findings highlight a cost-effective strategy to advance low-carbon energy transitions and strengthen renewable adoption in semi-arid urban areas.