fig5

Figure 5. Bar plots of differentially abundant ASVs at the species level and functional pathways in the maternal oral microbiome, based on perinatal factors. (A) Antibiotic usage: Bar plots of significant ASVs at the species level in the “yes” and “no” groups; (B) Delivery mode: Bar plots of significant ASVs at the species level in the NB and CS groups; (C) PROM: Bar plots of significant ASVs at the species level in the “yes” and “no” groups; (D) Antibiotic usage: Functional pathways associated with the “yes” and “no” groups; (E) Delivery mode: Functional pathways associated with NB and CS groups; (F) PROM: Functional pathways associated with the “yes” and “no” groups. Differentially abundant ASVs were identified using the ANCOM method, and functional pathways were predicted using PICRUSt2. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05 (two-sided). ASVs: Amplicon sequence variants; NB: natural birth; CS: cesarean-section; PROM: premature rupture of membranes; ANCOM: analysis of composition of microbiomes.