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Figure 1. The microbiome-gut-liver-brain axis and molecules involved in this network. These molecules are classified into six categories, including short-chain fatty acids, hormones, neurotransmitters and false neurotransmitters, bile acids, lipids and lipid derivatives, and immune-related molecules, indole and indole derivatives. Amino acids, glucose, protein, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients that are absorbed from food in the gut participate in the synthesis and conversion of these molecules directly or indirectly.
