fig4

Figure 4. Probiotic treatment with VSL#3^® increases alpha diversity of the cecal microbiota on day 7 post challenge. Alpha diversity in the fecal microbiota was measured (A) over time between treatment groups and (B) between treatment groups by day. (C) Alpha diversity in the cecal microbiota compared for differences between treatments on day 7. Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison post hoc test was used in A (*P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001). Wilcoxon rank sum test was used in B and C (***P ≤ 0.001). Error bars represent the standard deviation from the mean (n = 4-8 mice per treatment group).