fig8

Figure 8. (A) Schematic diagram of the saddle-shaped structure formed by the competition and balance between the electrostatic screening and volume expansion effects; (B₁-B₃) TEM images of the saddle-shaped lamellar phase with secondary multilayer structure. The images were observed from different tilting directions along the long axis of the pupa-like nanoparticles. The corresponding structure model indicates the tilting directions; (C₁-C₃) Different viewpoints of the reconstruction model generated from the 2D TEM image series. The directions of the viewpoints are coincident with those in (B₁-B₃); (D₁-D₃) The corresponding central longitudinal sections obtained from different cross-section directions of the reconstructed model; (E) The single lamella segmented from the reconstructed model; (F) The point cloud extracted from the single lamella and the corresponding fitting surface; (G₁-H₃) The color-coded distributions of K (G₁) and H (H₁) on the saddle surface, their corresponding planar projections (G₂ and H₂) and histograms of K (G₃) and H (H₃), respectively. Scale bars: (B₁-B₃) and (D₁-D₃) 100 nm. This figure is reproduced with permission^[207]. Copyright 2025, Wiley-VCH GmbH. THF: Tetrahydrofuran; PS-b-PAA: polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid); STAB: stearyltrimethylammonium bromide; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; 2D: two-dimensional.