REFERENCES
1. Wang, M.; Xu, Y.; Fang, Z.; et al. On-chip electro-optic tuning of a lithium niobate microresonator with integrated in-plane microelectrodes. Opt. Express. 2017, 25, 124-9.
2. Presti, D.; Guarepi, V.; Videla, F.; Fasciszewski, A.; Torchia, G. Intensity modulator fabricated in LiNbO3 by femtosecond laser writing. Opt. Lasers. Eng. 2018, 111, 222-6.
3. Chauvet, M.; Henrot, F.; Bassignot, F.; et al. High efficiency frequency doubling in fully diced LiNbO3ridge waveguides on silicon. J. Opt. 2016, 18, 085503.
4. Nguyen, K.; Chulukhadze, V.; Stolt, E.; et al. Near spurious-free thickness shear mode lithium niobate resonator for piezoelectric power conversion. IEEE. Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 2023, 70, 1536-43.
5. Chen, H.; Chen, X.; Zhang, Y.; Xia, Y. Polarization-dependent coupling in a 1 × 4 waveguide array in lithium niobate fabricated by femtosecond pulses. Appl. Phys. B. 2007, 89, 25-8.
6. Saglamyurek, E.; Sinclair, N.; Jin, J.; et al. Broadband waveguide quantum memory for entangled photons. Nature 2011, 469, 512-5.
7. Ródenas, A.; Zhou, G.; Jaque, D.; Gu, M. Rare-earth spontaneous emission control in three‐dimensional lithium niobate photonic crystals. Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 3526-30.
8. Chen, K.; Zhu, Y.; Liu, Z.; Xue, D. State of the art in crystallization of LiNbO3 and their applications. Molecules 2021, 26, 7044.
9. Huang, Z.; Tu, C.; Zhang, S.; et al. Femtosecond second-harmonic generation in periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides written by femtosecond laser pulses. Opt. Lett. 2010, 35, 877-9.
10. Tu, D.; Xu, C. N.; Yoshida, A.; Fujihala, M.; Hirotsu, J.; Zheng, X. G. LiNbO3:Pr3+: a multipiezo material with simultaneous piezoelectricity and sensitive piezoluminescence. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1606914.
11. Xiong, P.; Peng, M. Near infrared mechanoluminescence from the Nd3+ doped perovskite LiNbO3:Nd3+ for stress sensors. J. Mater. Chem. C. 2019, 7, 6301-7.
12. Yao, X.; Li, L.; Liu, W.; et al. Effective long-term storage and repeatable mechanoluminescence of piezoelectrics LiNbO3:1%Pr3+, 0.5%Zn2+. J. Materiomics. 2025, 11, 101072.
13. Cordero-Edwards, K.; Domingo, N.; Abdollahi, A.; Sort, J.; Catalan, G. Ferroelectrics as smart mechanical materials. Adv. Mater. 2017, 29, 1702210.
14. Kong, Y.; Bo, F.; Wang, W.; et al. Recent progress in lithium niobate: optical damage, defect simulation, and on-chip devices. Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, e1806452.
15. Sun, W.; Zhang, Z.; Sun, H.; et al. Crystalline phase, profile characteristics and spectroscopic properties of Er3+/Tm3+ -diffusion-codoped LiNbO3 crystal. J. Lumin. 2017, 184, 191-8.
16. Xing, L.; Xu, Y.; Wang, R.; Xu, W.; Zhang, Z. Highly sensitive optical thermometry based on upconversion emissions in Tm3+/Yb3+ codoped LiNbO3 single crystal. Opt. Lett. 2014, 39, 454-7.
17. Bredillet, K.; Riporto, F.; Guo, T.; et al. Dual second harmonic generation and up-conversion photoluminescence emission in highly-optimized LiNbO3 nanocrystals doped and co-doped with Er3+ and Yb3. Nanoscale 2024, 16, 6739-47.
18. Xing, L.; Wu, X.; Wang, R.; Xu, W.; Qian, Y. Upconversion white-light emission in Ho3+/Yb3+/Tm3+ tridoped LiNbO3 single crystal. Opt. Lett. 2012, 37, 3537-9.
19. Dai, L.; Xu, C.; Zhang, Y.; Li, D.; Xu, Y. Influences of Mg2+ ion on dopant occupancy and upconversion luminescence of Ho3+ion in LiNbO3 crystal. Chinese. Phys. B. 2013, 22, 094201.
20. Xing, L.; Yang, W.; Lin, J.; Huang, M.; Xue, Y. Enhanced and stable upconverted white-light emission in Ho3+/Yb3+/Tm3+-doped LiNbO3 single crystal via Mg2+ ion doping. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 14725.
21. Sun, L.; Wang, B.; Xing, G.; Liang, C.; Ma, W.; Yang, S. Bi-induced photochromism and photo-stimulated luminescence with fast photochromic response for multi-mode dynamic anti-counterfeiting and optical information storage. Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 455, 140752.
22. Yang, S.; Dai, L.; Yuan, Y.; Yuan, H. Up-conversion luminescence and defect structures in Sc: Dy: LiNbO3 crystals affected by Sc3+ concentration. Opt. Mater. 2023, 143, 114196.
23. Li, A.; Lü, Q.; Zheng, Z.; et al. Yellow-green upconversion luminescence of Dy3+ ion in LiNbO3 crystal heavily codoped with ZnO. J. Appl. Phys. 2007, 102, 113102.
24. Xing, L.; Yang, W.; Ma, D.; Xue, Y.; Wang, B. White-light manipulation in Ho3+/Yb3+/Tm3+-doped LiNbO3 single crystals through transition metal Mn2+ ion doping. J. Alloys. Compd. 2017, 714, 1-5.
25. Quintanilla, M.; Cantelar, E.; Cussó, F.; Villegas, M.; Caballero, A. C. Temperature sensing with up-converting submicron-sized LiNbO3:Er3+/Yb3+ articles. Appl. Phys. Express. 2011, 4, 022601.
26. Lee, D.; Lee, Y. Bi3+-driven defect formation and related optical multimode in luminescent ferroelectrics Sm3+-doped LiNbO3. J. Lumin. 2024, 276, 120879.
27. Lin, S.; Xiong, C.; Ma, D.; Li, H.; Long, S.; Wang, B. Persistent luminescence found in Mg2+ and Pr3+ co-doped LiNbO3 single crystal. J. Mater. Chem. C. 2018, 6, 10067-72.
28. Nakamura, M.; Higuchi, S.; Takekawa, S.; Terabe, K.; Furukawa, Y.; Kitamura, K. Optical damage resistance and refractive indices in near-stoichiometric MgO-doped LiNbO3. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2002, 41, L49-51.
29. Hao, R.; Xiong, C.; Li, H.; et al. Optimization of persistent luminescence via dopant concentration in LiNbO3. J. Lumin. 2022, 244, 118753.
30. Volk, T. R.; Pryalkin, V. I.; Rubinina, N. M. Optical-damage-resistant LiNbO3:Zn crystal. Opt. Lett. 1990, 15, 996-8.
31. Palatnikov, M.; Sidorov, N.; Panasjuk, S.; Teplyakova, N.; Makarova, O. Radiation modification of optical characteristics of LiNbO3:Zn and LiNbO3:Mg crystals. Crystals 2022, 12, 600.
32. Peithmann, K.; Wiebrock, A.; Buse, K. Photorefractive properties of highly-doped lithium niobate crystals in the visible and near-infrared. Appl. Phys. B:. Lasers. Opt. 1999, 68, 777-84.
33. Tian, T.; Kong, Y.; Liu, S.; et al. Photorefraction of molybdenum-doped lithium niobate crystals. Opt. Lett. 2012, 37, 2679-81.
34. Kong, Y.; Liu, S.; Xu, J. Recent Advances in the photorefraction of doped lithium niobate crystals. Materials 2012, 5, 1954-71.
35. Xu, L.; Chen, G. Optimization of blue photorefractive properties and exponential gain of photorefraction in Sc-doped Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals. Crystals 2022, 12, 1059.
36. Li, L.; Li, Y.; Zhao, X.; Cheng, X.; Fan, Y. Abnormal lattice occupation of Mo and related polarons in LiNbO3: hybrid density functional theory investigation. J. Materiomics. 2020, 6, 183-91.
37. Kong, Y.; Liu, S.; Zhao, Y.; Liu, H.; Chen, S.; Xu, J. Highly optical damage resistant crystal: zirconium-oxide-doped lithium niobate. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91, 081908.
38. Tian, X.; Qi, Q.; Hou, B.; Qian, Y. Hydrothermal synthesis and upconversion luminescence of cubic-shaped LiNbO3:Yb3+/Er3+ nanocrystals. Inorg. Chem. Commun. 2023, 157, 111389.
39. Lin, N.; Wang, J.; Xiao, Z.; et al. Stimuli-responsive lanthanide activated piezoelectric LiNbO3 microcrystals for multimode luminescence and optical sensing applications. Laser. Photonics. Rev. 2024, 18, 2301352.
40. Hu, Y.; Gao, D.; Zhang, X.; Yun, S. Controllable thermo-stimulated luminescence in niobate persistent phosphor by constructing the photovoltaic/electrolytic cell for remote intelligent anti-counterfeiting. Chem. Eng. J. 2025, 509, 161181.
41. Min, Z.; Zeng, Q.; Chen, S.; Qin, Y.; Yao, C. Tunable photoluminescence of LiNbO3: RE3+ (RE3+ = Dy3+, Sm3+, Dy3+/Sm3+) single-phase phosphors for warm white LEDs. J. Alloys. Compd. 2022, 924, 166497.
42. Xu, L.; Xu, Y.; Chen, G. Defect Structure and upconversion luminescence properties of LiNbO3 highly doped congruent in:Yb:Ho:LiNbO3 crystals. Crystals 2022, 12, 710.
43. Runowski, M.; Woźny, P.; Martín, I. R.; et al. Multimodal optically nonlinear nanoparticles exhibiting simultaneous higher harmonics generation and upconversion luminescence for anticounterfeiting and 8-bit optical coding. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2023, 34, 2307791.
44. Pan, E.; Bai, G.; Lei, L.; Zhang, J.; Xu, S. The electrical enhancement and reversible manipulation of near-infrared luminescence in Nd doped ferroelectric nanocomposites for optical switches. J. Mater. Chem. C. 2019, 7, 4320-5.
45. Liu, Z.; Ma, D.; Zhu, Y.; Lin, S.; Xiong, C.; Wang, B. Building a highly concentration responsive optical thermometer via tunable electron transfer pathways supported by intervalence charge transfer states. Spectrochim. Acta. A. Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 2025, 324, 124973.
46. Liu, Q.; Luo, Y.; Li, D.; et al. Heterostructure-induced enhanced persistent luminescence for low temperature applications. Chem. Eng. J. 2024, 498, 155346.
47. Yang, X.; Liu, R.; Xu, X.; et al. Effective Repeatable Mechanoluminescence in Heterostructured Li1-xNaxNbO3:Pr3+. Small 2021, 17, e2103441.
48. Uchiyama, T.; Atsumi, T.; Otonari, K.; Fujio, Y.; Zheng, X.; Xu, C. Direct recording and reading of mechanical force by afterglow evaluation of multi-piezo mechanoluminescent material Li0.12Na0.88NbO3 on well-designed morphotropic phase boundary. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2024, 124, 171105.
49. Zhang, B.; Wang, L.; Chen, F. Recent advances in femtosecond laser processing of LiNbO3 crystals for photonic applications. Laser. Photonics. Rev. 2020, 14, 1900407.
50. Xie, Z.; Bo, F.; Lin, J.; et al. Recent development in integrated Lithium niobate photonics. Adv. Phys-X. 2024, 9, 2322739.
51. Weis, R. S.; Gaylord, T. K. Lithium niobate: summary of physical properties and crystal structure. Appl. Phys. A. 1985, 37, 191-203.
52. Huang, B.; Sun, M.; Peng, D. Intrinsic energy conversions for photon-generation in piezo-phototronic materials: a case study on alkaline niobates. Nano. Energy. 2018, 47, 150-71.
53. Xie, H. R.; Yang, T. F. Wei,, Y. M.; Guan H. Y.; Lu, H. H. Recent research progress of thin film lithium niobate photodetector. J. Synth. Cryst. 2024, 533, 410-24.
54. Chakkoria, J. J.; Dubey, A.; Mitchell, A.; Boes, A. Ferroelectric domain engineering of Lithium niobate. Opto-Electron. Adv. 2025, 8, 240139.
55. Peterson, G. E.; Ballman, A. A.; Lenzo, P. V.; Bridenbaugh, P. M. Electro-optic properties of LiNbO3. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1964, 5, 62-4.
56. Smith, R. G.; Nassau, K.; Galvin, M. F. Efficient continuous optical second-harmonic generation. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1965, 7, 256-8.
57. Boes, A.; Chang, L.; Langrock, C.; et al. Lithium niobate photonics: unlocking the electromagnetic spectrum. Science 2023, 379, eabj4396.
58. Wiegel, M.; Blasse, G.; Navrotsky, A.; Mehta, A.; Kumada, N.; Kinomura, N. Luminescence of the ilmenite phase of LiNbO3. J. Solid. State. Chem. 1994, 109, 413-5.
59. Pankratov, V.; Grigorjeva, L.; Millers, D.; Corradi, G.; Polgàr, K. Luminescence of ferroelectric crystals: LiNbO3 and KNbO3. Ferroelectrics 2000, 239, 241-50.
60. Li, Y.; Schmidt, W. G.; Sanna, S. Intrinsic LiNbO3 point defects from hybrid density functional calculations. Phys. Rev. B. 2014, 89, 094111.
61. Uda, S.; Koyama, C. The population and activity of oxygen in the diffusion boundary layer within a congruent LiNbO3 melt. J. Cryst. Growth. 2020, 548, 125837.
62. Schmidt, F.; Kozub, A. L.; Gerstmann, U.; Schmidt, W. G.; Schindlmayr, A. Electron polarons in lithium niobate: charge localization, lattice deformation, and optical response. Crystals 2021, 11, 542.
63. Schirmer, O.; Thiemann, O.; Wöhlecke, M. Defects in LiNbO3 - I. experimental aspects. J. Phys. Chem. Solids. 1991, 52, 185-200.
64. Xiong, C.; Hao, R.; Tao, K.; Li, H.; Lin, S.; Ma, D. Tunable effect on persistent luminescence via lithium-to-niobium ratio in LiNbO3: Pr polycrystals. J. Lumin. 2024, 274, 120695.
65. Qiu, G.; Fang, H.; Wang, X.; Li, Y. Largely enhanced mechanoluminescence properties in Pr3+/Gd3+ co-doped LiNbO3 phosphors. Ceram. Int. 2018, 44, 15411-7.
66. Tokko, O. V.; Kadetova, A. V.; Prusskii, A. I.; Smirnov, M. V.; Palatnikov, M. N.; Sidorov, N. V. Structure and luminescent properties of double-doped LiNbO3:Zn:Mg crystals. Phys. Status. Solidi. A. 2024, 221, 2300796.
67. Murillo, J.; Herrera, G.; Vega-Rios, A.; Flores-Gallardo, S.; Duarte-Moller, A.; Castillo-Torres, J. Effect of Zn doping on the photoluminescence properties of LiNbO3 single crystals. Opt. Mater. 2016, 62, 639-45.
68. Zheng, B.; Fan, J.; Chen, B.; et al. Rare-earth doping in nanostructured inorganic materials. Chem. Rev. 2022, 122, 5519-603.
69. Dai, L.; Liu, C.; Han, X.; Wang, L.; Shao, Y.; Xu, Y. Effect of Ho3+ and Tm3+ concentration on UV-VIS-NIR and upconversion luminescence in Ho:Tm:LiNbO3 crystals. J. Alloys. Compd. 2019, 771, 960-3.
70. Zhang, J.; Long, Y.; Yan, X.; Wang, X.; Wang, F. Creating recoverable mechanoluminescence in piezoelectric calcium niobates through Pr3+ doping. Chem. Mater. 2016, 28, 4052-7.
71. Liang, Z.; Qin, F.; Zheng, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Cao, W. Noncontact thermometry based on downconversion luminescence from Eu3+ doped LiNbO3 single crystal. Sensor. Actuat. A-Phys. 2016, 238, 215-9.
72. Zhang, Z.; Tang, X.; Qian, Y.; Zhang, H.; Wang, W.; Wang, R. Multicolor tunable yellow-red emission in Eu/Er:LiNbO 3 under ultraviolet and blue excitation. Opt. Laser. Technol. 2017, 97, 111-5.
73. Ahmad, S.; Chang, S.; Peng, D.; et al. Quadra-mode luminescent phosphors for force/thermo-encoded information storage and anticounterfeiting applications. ACS. Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2025, 17, 29901-9.
74. Sang, J.; Zhou, J.; Zhang, J.; et al. Multilevel static-dynamic anticounterfeiting based on stimuli-responsive luminescence in a niobate structure. ACS. Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2019, 11, 20150-6.
75. Dong, H.; Sun, L. D.; Yan, C. H. Energy transfer in lanthanide upconversion studies for extended optical applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44, 1608-34.
76. Huang, K.; Qiu, H.; Zhang, X.; et al. Orthogonal trichromatic upconversion with high color purity in core-shell nanoparticles for a full-color display. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2023, 62, e202218491.
77. Riwotzki, K.; Meyssamy, H.; Schnablegger, H.; Kornowski, A.; Haase, M. Liquid-phase synthesis of colloids and redispersible powders of strongly luminescing LaPO4:Ce,Tb nanocrystals. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 573-6.
78. Lemański, K.; Dereń, P. Luminescent properties of LaAlO3 nanocrystals, doped with Pr3+ and Yb3+ ions. J. Lumin. 2014, 146, 239-42.
79. Pan, Y.; Su, Q.; Xu, H.; et al. Synthesis and red luminescence of Pr3+-doped CaTiO3 nanophosphor from polymer precursor. J. Solid. State. Chem. 2003, 174, 69-73.
80. Chen, G.; Ohulchanskyy, T. Y.; Liu, S.; et al. Core/shell NaGdF4:Nd3+/NaGdF4 nanocrystals with efficient near-infrared to near-infrared downconversion photoluminescence for bioimaging applications. ACS. Nano. 2012, 6, 2969-77.
81. Yu, X. F.; Chen, L. D.; Li, M.; et al. Highly efficient fluorescence of NdF3/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles and the applications for in vivo NIR detection. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 4118-23.
82. Chang, M.; Song, Y.; Chen, J.; et al. Multisite luminescence and photocatalytic properties of TiO2:Sm3+ and TiO2:Sm3+@TiO2/TiO2:Sm3+@SiO2 luminescent enhancement materials. J. Alloys. Compd. 2017, 725, 724-38.
83. Wang, H.; Yu, M.; Lin, C. K.; Lin, J. Core-shell structured SiO2@YVO4:Dy3+/Sm3+ phosphor particles: sol-gel preparation and characterization. J. Colloid. Interface. Sci. 2006, 300, 176-82.
84. Nakano, H.; Suehiro, S.; Furuya, S.; Hayashi, H.; Fujihara, S. Synthesis of new RE3+ doped Li1+xTa1-xTixO3 (RE: Eu, Sm, Er, Tm, and Dy) phosphors with various emission colors. Materials. (Basel). 2013, 6, 2768-76.
85. Back, M.; Marin, R.; Franceschin, M.; et al. Energy transfer in color-tunable water-dispersible Tb-Eu codoped CaF2 nanocrystals. J. Mater. Chem. C. 2016, 4, 1906-13.
86. Liu, Y.; Tu, D.; Zhu, H.; Li, R.; Luo, W.; Chen, X. A strategy to achieve efficient dual-mode luminescence of Eu3+ in lanthanides doped multifunctional NaGdF4 nanocrystals. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 3266-71.
87. Zheng, K.; Zhao, D.; Zhang, D.; Liu, N.; Shi, F.; Qin, W. Sensitized high-order ultraviolet upconversion emissions of Gd3+ by Er3+ in NaYF4 microcrystals. J. Alloys. Compd. 2011, 509, 5848-52.
88. Cao, C.; Qin, W.; Zhang, J.; et al. Ultraviolet upconversion emissions of Gd3+. Opt. Lett. 2008, 33, 857-9.
89. Wang, W.; Wang, S.; Gu, Y.; Zhou, J.; Zhang, J. Contact-separation-induced self-recoverable mechanoluminescence of CaF2:Tb3+/PDMS elastomer. Nat. Commun. 2024, 15, 2014.
90. Xue, M.; Zhu, X.; Qiu, X.; Gu, Y.; Feng, W.; Li, F. Highly enhanced cooperative upconversion luminescence through energy transfer optimization and quenching protection. ACS. Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 2016, 8, 17894-901.
91. Li, D.; Ma, Q.; Song, Y.; et al. NaGdF4:Dy3+ nanofibers and nanobelts: facile construction technique, structure and bifunctionality of luminescence and enhanced paramagnetic performances. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2016, 18, 27536-44.
92. Kamimura, M.; Matsumoto, T.; Suyari, S.; Umezawa, M.; Soga, K. Ratiometric near-infrared fluorescence nanothermometry in the OTN-NIR (NIR II/III) biological window based on rare-earth doped β-NaYF4 nanoparticles. J. Mater. Chem. B. 2017, 5, 1917-25.
93. Montoya, E.; Espeso, O.; Bausá, L. Cooperative luminescence in Yb3+:LiNbO3. J. Lumin. 2000, 87-89, 1036-8.
94. Demirkhanyan, H. G.; Demirkhanyan, G. G.; Kokanyan, E. P. LiNbO3-Yb3+ crystal as a material for optical temperature sensor. J. Contemp. Phys. 2017, 52, 381-6.
95. Zhao, L.-J.; Yang, J.; Xu, J.-J.; Huang, H.; Zhang, G.-Y. Enhancement of Er3+ luminescence in LiNbO3:Mg crystals. Chin. Phys. Lett. 2001, 18, 1205-7.
96. Babajanyan, V. G.; Kostanyan, R. B.; Muzhikyan, P. H.; Sargsyan, R. V. Dependences of up-conversional luminescence of LiNbO3:Yb, Er crystals on pump intensity. In International Conference on Laser Physics 2010, Ashtarak, Armenia; Papoyan, A. V., Eds.; pp 799806.
97. Babajanyan, V. G.; Kostanyan, R. B.; Muzhikyan, P. H. Luminescence kinetics of LiNbO3:Yb3+-Er3+, LiNbO3:Er3+, and LiNbO3:Yb3+ crystals under selective excitations in the impurity subsystem. J. Contemp. Phys. 2012, 47, 17-22.
98. Stroganova, E. V.; Nalbantov, N. N.; Galutsky, V. V.; Yakovenko, N. A. A study of the quantum efficiency of multichannel relaxation in LiNbO3:Yb, Er crystals. Opt. Spectrosc. 2016, 121, 856-61.
99. Li, J.; Xie, Y.; Sun, R.; Zhou, J.; Sun, L. Exploring luminescence quenching on lanthanide-doped nanoparticles through changing the spatial distribution of sensitizer and activator. Nano. Res. 2023, 17, 4517-24.
100. Ramírez, M.; Bausá, L. Hysteretic behaviour in the fluorescence of Yb3+ in LiNbO3:MgO crystals. J. Lumin. 2003, 102-103, 206-10.
101. Dai, L.; Jiao, S.; Yan, Z.; Dai, P.; Lui, G.; Xu, Y. Influence of magnesium concentration on the optical properties of ytterbium and holmium co-doped lithium niobate crystal. Mod. Phys. Lett. B. 2016, 30, 1550260.
102. Brenier, A.; Madej, C.; Pédrini, C.; Boulon, G. Luminescence of ytterbium doped LiNbO3:MgO under UV excitation. Radiat. Eff. Defects. Solids. 2006, 135, 77-80.
103. Fujimura, M.; Khan, M.; Tsugawa, H.; et al. Thermally Nd-diffused Z-propagation Ti:LiNbO3 waveguide laser pumped by laser diode. Electron. Lett. 1996, 32, 2003-4.
104. Rüter, C. E.; Hasse, K.; Chen, F.; Kip, D. Optical characterization of a neodymium-doped lithium-niobate-on-insulator (LNOI). Opt. Mater. Express. 2021, 11, 4007.
105. Muñoz Santiuste, J.; Lavín, V.; Rodríguez-Mendoza, U.; Tardio, M.; Ramírez-Jiménez, R. Pressure-induced effects on the spectroscopic properties of Nd3+ in MgO:LiNbO3 single crystal. A crystal field approach. J. Lumin. 2017, 184, 293-303.
106. Zhou, X.; Deng, Y.; Jiang, S.; et al. Investigation of energy transfer in Pr3+, Yb3+ co-doped phosphate phosphor: the role of 3P0 and 1D2. J. Lumin. 2019, 209, 45-51.
107. Xiong, C.; Hao, R.; Li, H.; Lin, S.; Ma, D. Tunability of radioluminescence in LiNbO3:Pr polycrystals via lithium-to-niobium ratio. Ceram. Int. 2024, 50, 30093-9.
108. Sun, L.; Chu, X.; He, C.; Zuo, S.; Li, X.; Yao, C. Efficient photocatalytic nitrogen fixation over up-conversion nonlinear optical material Pr3+:LiNbO3 under visible light irradiation. Appl. Phys. A. 2021, 127, 35.
109. Hua, Y.; Jing, Z.; Ge, P. Pr3+-doped lithium niobate and sodium niobate with persistent luminescence and mechano-luminescence properties. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 2947.
110. Xing, L.; Xu, Y.; Wang, R.; Xu, W. Influence of temperature on upconversion multicolor luminescence in Ho3+/Yb3+/Tm3+-doped LiNbO3 single crystal. Opt. Lett. 2013, 38, 2535-7.
111. Cantelar, E.; Torchia, G.; Cussó, F. Characterization of up-conversion processes in Tm3+-doped LiNbO3. J. Lumin. 2007, 122-123, 459-62.
112. Dai, L.; Yang, S.; Chen, R.; Liu, C.; Han, X.; Shao, Y. Effect of [Li]/[Nb] ratios on UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy and up-conversion luminescence in Hf:Dy:LiNbO3 crystals. J. Lumin. 2020, 217, 116773.
113. Li, A. H.; Zheng, Z. R.; Lü, Q.; et al. Two-photon-excited luminescence in a Tb3+ -doped lithium niobate crystal pumped by a near-infrared femtosecond laser. Opt. Lett. 2008, 33, 1014-6.
114. Lisiecki, R.; Macalik, B.; Kowalski, R.; Komar, J.; Ryba-romanowski, W. Effect of temperature on luminescence of LiNbO3 crystals single-doped with Sm3+, Tb3+, or Dy3+ ions. Crystals 2020, 10, 1034.
115. Pan E, ; Bai G, ; Cai M, ; Hua Y, ; Chen L, ; Xu S,. Reversible modification of ultra-broadband luminescence in transparent photonic materials through field-induced nanoscale structural transformation. Nanoscale 2020, 12, 22002-8.
116. Chen, F.; Jiang, T.; Zhai, B.; et al. Mechanoluminescence from an ion-irradiated single crystal of lithium niobium oxide. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2022, 13, 5394-8.
117. Tong, X.; Zhou, X.; Tang, X.; et al. Upconversion luminescence and optical temperature-sensing properties of LiNbO3:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles. CrystEngComm 2022, 24, 1407-12.
118. Xue, S.; Zhang, D. Structure and spectroscopic properties of Er3+ doped LiNbO3 thin film grown by e-beam evaporation. Mater. Today. Commun. 2023, 36, 106522.
119. Xue, S.; Zhang, D. Near-stoichiometric Er3+ doped LiNbO3 thin films prepared by vapor transport equilibration treatment. Opt. Mater. 2023, 136, 113476.
120. Jia, Y.; Yao, Y.; Wang, S.; Ren, Y.; Zhao, X.; Chen, F. Dual-color upconversion luminescence emission from Er:LiNbO3 on-chip ridge waveguides. Results. Phys. 2021, 27, 104526.
