fig5

Figure 5. (A) The proposed charge storage mechanism of the β-MnO₂ cathode. Reprinted with permission^[99]. Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry; (B) The reaction mechanism for the α-MnO₂. Reprinted with permission^[100]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier; (C) The dissolution of MnO₂ in acidic electrolytes. Reprinted with permission^[101]. Copyright 2022, Royal Society of Chemistry; (D) Cycling profiles of the ZHS and the corresponding SEM images. Reprinted with permission^[102]. Copyright 2023, Royal Society of Chemistry; (E) The reaction mechanism of the MnO₂/CC electrode. Reprinted with permission^[103]. Copyright 2022, Royal Society of Chemistry; (F) Mn-based competitive capacity evolution protocol. Reprinted with permission^[104]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. SEM: Scanning electron microscopy; ZHS: zinc hydroxide sulfate.