fig6

Figure 6. (A) Adsorption energies of SnBr₂, SnCl₂, and SnF₂ on the surface of CsSnI₃. This figure is quoted with permission from Heo et al.^[121]; (B) DFT calculations of In and Br co-doped Sn perovskite (V_Sn and V_I represented the Sn and I vacancies). This figure is quoted with permission from Liu et al.^[119]; (C) Schematic illustration of ErCl₃ incorporation effect on the precursor and film quality. This figure is quoted with permission from Ryu et al.^[122]; D: Summary of XRD intensity and FWHM of the (100) peak of THPSCs depend on the GeI₂ concentration. This figure is quoted with permission from Lai et al.^[120]. DFT: density functional theory; THPSC: tin halide perovskite solar cell; XRD: X-ray diffraction; FWHM: full width half maximum.