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Figure 8. In-situ monitoring of ferroelectric polarization. (A) During epitaxial thin film growth, the top surface is melted into the growth front; so, transiently, the polarization state is driven solely by the bottom interface contribution, leading to a so-called single-interface contributing system. At the growth completion, the top interface is settled, and a two-interface contribution system is recovered. (B) Depolarizing field effect and surface off-stoichiometry stabilize nanometric domain formation in lead zirconate titanate thin films near the morphotropic phase transition composition (PZTMPB), leading to an abrupt suppression of the ISHG signal at the growth completion. Reprinted with permission from Sarott et al. Copyright 2022 by the Authors under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License published by the Nature Publishing Group[75].
