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Figure 2. Clinically relevant comorbidity networks associated with serum urate, hyperuricemia, and clinical gout. The figure summarizes two connected dimensions of UK Biobank-based gout research. The left panel shows multidimensional determinants, including genetic susceptibility, metabolic factors, lifestyle factors, environmental exposures, hormonal factors, and inflammation. The center shows the core phenotypes of serum urate, hyperuricemia, and clinical gout. The right panel shows comorbidity and clinical implication domains, including cardiometabolic, renal, hepatic, respiratory, infectious/mortality-related, and other systemic outcomes. Created in BioRender. Fang X (2026) https://BioRender.com/7y3wkim.