fig2

Figure 2. (A) PPI network constructed from the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified across all datasets. Nodes represent proteins encoded by the DEGs, and edges denote experimentally validated or computationally supported protein–protein interactions obtained from the BioGRID database. Hub nodes (highlighted in teal triangular shapes) indicate proteins with the highest degree and betweenness centrality values, reflecting their central regulatory roles in the network. Non-hub nodes are shown in pink circular shapes. The inset lists the top-ranked PPI hubs prioritized for downstream analyses; (B) miRNA-gene interaction network visualizes microRNA - target gene relationships derived from the MiRTarBase database. Each pink triangular node represents a hub gene identified by network topology, whereas green circular nodes indicate miRNAs that interact with these targets. Edges represent experimentally validated miRNA-mRNA regulatory interactions. The inset summarizes the key miRNA-related hub signatures predicted to contribute to DMD-specific post-transcriptional regulation; (C) Transcription factor (TF)-gene regulatory network depicts TF-target interactions curated from the TRRUST database. Purple triangular nodes represent TF hubs exhibiting the highest centrality metrics, while blue circular nodes denote downstream target genes. Edges indicate known transcriptional regulatory relationships. The inset highlights TF hubs identified as key upstream regulators potentially driving the transcriptional architecture of DMD. DMD: Duchenne muscular dystrophy; PPI: protein-protein interaction.