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Figure 1. Mechanism of Action of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies) block the interaction between PD-1 on T cells and PD-L1 on tumor cells. This prevents the T cell inhibitory signal, allowing the activated T cell to recognize and attack the tumor cell via the T-cell receptor (TCR) and MHC-I interaction. The figure created with BioRender.com. PD-L1: Programmed cell death protein ligand 1; PD-1: programmed cell death protein 1; MHC-I: major histocompatibility complex class I.