fig2

Figure 2. The workflow of ML. CNN: Convolutional neural network; DBSCAN: density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise; DNN: deep learning neural networks; DT: decision tree; GBR: gradient boosting regression; GBT: gradient boosting tree; KNN: k-nearest neighbor; KRR: kernel ridge regression; LASSO: least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; LDA: linear discriminant analysis; LR: linear regression; LVQ: learning vector quantization; MAE: mean absolute error; MG: mixture-of-Gaussian; ML: machine learning; MSE: mean square error; PCA: principal component analysis; RMSE: root mean square error; RNN: recurrent neural network; R2: R-square; SVC: support vector classification; SVM: support vector machines; SVR: support vector regression.