fig2

Figure 2. Effects of nanoplastics on the mechanical properties of collagen hydrolysate-based matrices. (A) Changes in storage modulus (G′) of collagen hydrolysate matrices containing nanoplastics under shear deformation; (B) Frequency-dependent variation of storage modulus in collagen hydrolysate matrices with nanoplastic incorporation; (C) Comparison of loss factor (tan δ) under shear deformation in collagen hydrolysate matrices with nanoplastics; (D) Frequency-dependent variation of loss factor in nanoplastic-containing collagen hydrolysate matrices; (E) Schematic illustration of viscosity modulation by nanoplastics with different surface charges. Values represent the mean of three independent biological replicates. ^***P ≤ 0.001 compared to the control group. PS-NH₂: Amino-functionalized polystyrene; PS-COOH: carboxyl-functionalized polystyrene.