REFERENCES

1. National Center for Cardiovascular Disease TWCotRoCHaDiC. Report on cardiovascular health and diseases in China 2021: an updated summary. Chin Circ J. 2022. Available from https://www.chinacirculation.org/#/browse_details?year=2022&issue=6&issuecid=280067 [accessed 26 February 2026].

2. Camici PG, Tschöpe C, Di Carli MF, Rimoldi O, Van Linthout S. Coronary microvascular dysfunction in hypertrophy and heart failure. Cardiovasc Res. 2020;116:806-16.

3. Campbell P, Rutten FH, Lee MM, Hawkins NM, Petrie MC. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: everything the clinician needs to know. Lancet. 2024;403:1083-92.

4. Wang B, Jankauskas SS, Mone P, Varzideh F, Santulli G. Immunology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2025;21:1725-39.

5. Zhang N, Ma Q, You Y, et al. CXCR4-dependent macrophage-to-fibroblast signaling contributes to cardiac diastolic dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Int J Biol Sci. 2022;18:1271-87.

6. Chai S, Xu H, Liu R, Cai C. STING-inflammasome axis in autoimmune diseases and inflammation-related disease. Autoimmun Rev. 2025;24:103898.

7. Hopfner KP, Hornung V. Molecular mechanisms and cellular functions of cGAS-STING signalling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2020;21:501-21.

8. Zhang Y, Chen W, Wang Y. STING is an essential regulator of heart inflammation and fibrosis in mice with pathological cardiac hypertrophy via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;125:110022.

9. Wang L, Zhang S, Liu H, et al. STING activation in cardiomyocytes drives hypertrophy-associated heart failure via NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2024;1870:166997.

10. Fan X, Han J, Zhong L, et al. Macrophage-derived GSDMD plays an essential role in atherosclerosis and cross talk between macrophages via the mitochondria-STING-IRF3/NF-κB Axis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2024;44:1365-78.

11. Gu L, Sun Y, Wu T, et al. A novel mechanism for macrophage pyroptosis in rheumatoid arthritis induced by Pol β deficiency. Cell Death Dis. 2022;13:583.

12. Luo W, Wang Y, Zhang L, et al. Critical role of cytosolic DNA and its sensing adaptor STING in aortic degeneration, dissection, and rupture. Circulation. 2020;141:42-66.

13. Oduro PK, Zheng X, Wei J, et al. The cGAS-STING signaling in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: future novel target option for pharmacotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2022;12:50-75.

14. Han J, Dai S, Zhong L, et al. GSDMD (Gasdermin D) mediates pathological cardiac hypertrophy and generates a feed-forward amplification cascade via mitochondria-STING (stimulator of interferon genes) axis. Hypertension. 2022;79:2505-18.

15. Pham PT, Fukuda D, Nishimoto S, et al. STING, a cytosolic DNA sensor, plays a critical role in atherogenesis: a link between innate immunity and chronic inflammation caused by lifestyle-related diseases. Eur Heart J. 2021;42:4336-48.

16. Schiattarella GG, Altamirano F, Tong D, et al. Nitrosative stress drives heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Nature. 2019;568:351-6.

17. Wang L, Luo W, Zhang S, et al. Macrophage-derived FGFR1 drives atherosclerosis through PLCγ-mediated activation of NF-κB inflammatory signalling pathway. Cardiovasc Res. 2024;120:1385-99.

18. Wu J, Liu Q, Zhang X, Wu X, Zhao Y, Ren J. STING-dependent induction of lipid peroxidation mediates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Free Radic Biol Med. 2021;163:135-40.

19. Zhang L, Chen J, Yan L, He Q, Xie H, Chen M. Resveratrol ameliorates cardiac remodeling in a murine model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:646240.

20. Bazgir F, Nau J, Nakhaei-Rad S, et al. The microenvironment of the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. Cells. 2023;12:1780.

21. King KR, Aguirre AD, Ye YX, et al. IRF3 and type I interferons fuel a fatal response to myocardial infarction. Nat Med. 2017;23:1481-7.

22. Bennion BG, Ingle H, Ai TL, et al. A human gain-of-function STING mutation causes immunodeficiency and gammaherpesvirus-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. J Virol. 2019;93:10.1128/jvi.01806-18.

23. Warner JD, Irizarry-Caro RA, Bennion BG, et al. STING-associated vasculopathy develops independently of IRF3 in mice. J Exp Med. 2017;214:3279-92.

24. Martini E, Kunderfranco P, Peano C, et al. Single-cell sequencing of mouse heart immune infiltrate in pressure overload-driven heart failure reveals extent of immune activation. Circulation. 2019;140:2089-107.

25. Karki R, Kanneganti TD. ADAR1 and ZBP1 in innate immunity, cell death, and disease. Trends Immunol. 2023;44:201-16.

26. Mishra S, Dey AA, Kesavardhana S. Z-nucleic acid sensing and activation of ZBP1 in cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis. Immunol Rev. 2025;329:e13437.

27. Zhang X, Song S, Huang Z, et al. Z-DNA-binding protein 1 exacerbates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inducing noncanonical cardiomyocyte PANoptosis. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025;10:333.

28. Lei Y, VanPortfliet JJ, Chen YF, et al. Cooperative sensing of mitochondrial DNA by ZBP1 and cGAS promotes cardiotoxicity. Cell. 2023;186:3013-3032.e22.

29. Yuan F, Cai J, Wu J, et al. Z-DNA binding protein 1 promotes heatstroke-induced cell death. Science. 2022;376:609-15.

30. Yang P, Chen Z, Huang W, Zhang J, Zou L, Wang H. Communications between macrophages and cardiomyocytes. Cell Commun Signal. 2023;21:206.

The Journal of Cardiovascular Aging
ISSN 2768-5993 (Online)

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/

Portico

All published articles are preserved here permanently:

https://www.portico.org/publishers/oae/