fig5

Figure 5. Pharmacological interventions against cardiac aging. NR: Nicotinamide riboside; NAM: nicotinamide; NMN: nicotinamide mononucleotide; NAMPT: nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; βOHB: β-hydroxybutyrate; SS-31: elamipretide; CL: cardiolipin; SP: spermine; SPD: spermidine; GABR: global arginine bioavailability ratio; CS: Citrate synthase; ROS: reactive oxygen species.