fig2

Figure 2. Endosomal escape of LNPs. Following endocytosis, LNPs follow the endo-lysosomal pathway. With the environment becoming increasingly acidic, ionizable lipids become protonated again. Now, the positively charged ionizable lipids can interact with negative membrane lipids to facilitate fusion with the endosomal membrane and release of the nucleic acid into the cytosol. Parts of this figure were created using Biorender. LNPs: Lipid nanoparticles.